125 Effect of Complexed Trace Minerals on Oocyte and Embryo Production

Abstract

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the impact of trace mineral supplementation on reproductive performance in lactating beef cows. Thirty days before AI (Day –30), 68 postpartum cows were stratified by weight, body condition score, and parity before being equally and randomly assigned to either a treatment or a control group. Each group received a weekly mineral supplement allotment of 1.2 kg/week per cow-calf pair for 15 weeks. Cows in the treatment group received a mineral supplement that contained zinc, copper, and manganese amino acid complexes as well as cobalt glucoheptonate (Availa® Plus; Zinpro Corp., Eden Prairie, MN, USA), whereas cows assigned to the control group received a mineral supplement that contained the same concentrations of these trace minerals from inorganic sources. All cows were submitted to a 7-day CO-Synch + CIDR protocol on Day –10 and bred using fixed time AI on Day 0. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed via transrectal ultrasound on Day 28. Cows diagnosed as nonpregnant were then removed from the experiment. Pregnant cows were divided into 10 groups of 3 or 4 cows per group: 5 treatment groups (20 total cows) and 5 control groups (18 total cows). On Day 52 and 67, all pregnant cows were subjected to an ovum pick-up (OPU). Collected oocytes were evaluated before performing in vitro fertilization. Number of oocytes cleaving (dividing into more than one cell) and developing to blastocyst stage was recorded. Analysis of variance was conducted using PROC GLIMMIX (SAS 9.4; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) to determine differences between treatment and control, and group was the experimental unit. Mineral consumption did not differ (P = 0.48) between treatments (average of 1.16 ± 0.065 v. 1.09 ± 0.065 kg/week per cow-calf pair, for treatment and control, respectively). Pregnancy per AI was numerically higher in mineral-supplemented cows versus controls (64.7% v. 52.9%, respectively; P = 0.33). Consumption of the complexed trace mineral supplement increased (P = 0.06) total oocyte yield (22.6 ± 1.44 mean ± SEM v. 16.4 ± 2.04 oocytes/group for treatment and control, respectively). Moreover, groups receiving the complexed trace minerals had more (P = 0.05) culturable oocytes (grades A through C) compared with control groups (15.9 ± 1.6 mean ± SEM v. 11.8 ± 1.01 oocytes/group, respectively). In addition, production of transferable embryos (grades 1 through 3) was greater (P = 0.04) for groups receiving complexed trace minerals than inorganic trace minerals (4.2 ± 0.64 mean ± SEM v. 2.6 ± 0.65 embryos/group, respectively). In summary, supplementing with zinc, manganese, and copper amino acid complexes plus cobalt glucoheptonate improved oocyte production and embryo development in pregnant beef cows when compared with cows supplemented with inorganic forms of these trace minerals.