Abstract

In this chapter we introduce the important concept of the fourth-order curvature tensor in the Riemannian metric spaces. The covariant and mixed fourth-order Curvature tensors are the main ingredients of the study of differential geometry, general theory of relativity and cosmology. We first define the curvature tensor and study its properties in great detail, as these properties are extensively used in the rest of the book. Thereafter, we define two more essential mathematical objects, that is, the second-order Ricci tensor and the zeroth-order Ricci scalar, which are both derived from the mixed fourth-order curvature tensor by contractions with the metric tensor. Finally, as a simple example, we study the curvature properties of a unit sphere.

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