Abstract
Microbial biofilms are clusters of microbial cells that are surrounded by a matrix made of extracellular polymeric substance and are firmly attached to a substrate, which could either be biotic or abiotic. Microbial biofilms are a factor that causes 80% of all infectious disease, and their role in disease varies depending upon different factors that we are studying. Microscopy and spectroscopy are two noninvasive techniques utilized for the examination of microbial biofilms. In recent years, the application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the study of biofilms by facilitating the comprehensive analysis of their microbial composition and functional characteristics. This technology provides the capacity to sequence a vast number of genomes ranging from tens of thousands to millions within a single year, or to conduct a thorough genomic analysis in a single sequencing operation.
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