Abstract
This chapter describes the biomass fuels in internal combustion engines. In most respects, ethanol and methanol are fairly similar to gasoline and, therefore, they are more suitable for engines working with spark ignition than with compression ignition. The necessary modifications to a spark ignition engine depend on whether the engine will operate on straight alcohol, or on a blend of alcohol and gasoline. For blended fuels with less than 5% methanol or 10% ethanol, no modifications to an engine designed for gasoline are normally required and the power and the efficiency of the engine will not be affected. With 15% methanol or 25% ethanol, minor parts in the fuel system may have to be changed because alcohols are more aggressive to some polymers and metals, which may have to be changed. For operation on straight alcohol fuel, the minimum modification necessary to operate the engine is to adjust or replace the carburetor nozzle to allow double fuel flow. To simplify cold starts, it is also advisable to maintain the possibility for operation on gasoline.
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