Abstract
Physaloptera spp. Infection•Cause: Physaloptera praeputialis and Physaloptera rara.•First Described: Physaloptera praeputialis was first isolated from a domestic cat and described in 1889 (von Linstow). Physaloptera rara was first isolated from a domestic dog in North America and described in 1918 (Hall and Wigdor).•Affected Hosts: Domestic and wild dogs and cats.•Geographic Distribution: Worldwide (P. praeputialis), North America (P. rara).•Route of Transmission: Ingestion of intermediate insect or paratenic hosts.•Major Clinical Signs: May cause chronic intermittent vomiting. Infections often are subclinical.•Differential Diagnosis: Any GI or systemic cause of chronic vomiting (e.g., idiopathic gastritis, gastric foreign body, gastric neoplasia, food intolerance/allergy, chronic pancreatitis). Eggs must be differentiated from those of Spirocerca lupi. Vomited nematodes must be differentiated from Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, and Toxascaris leonina.•Human Health Significance: Physaloptera spp. of dogs and cats are not considered a zoonosis.
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