Abstract
High-temperature molten carbonate fuel cells are a highly efficient and environment-friendly source of power generation for commercial and industrial customers. They operate efficiently at intermediate temperatures (550–650 °C) using a variety of light hydrocarbon fuels such as natural gas. Nickel alloyed with small amounts of aluminium and/or chromium has been widely used as the anode. The desired electrochemical performance, chemical stability and creep strength of porous anode have been demonstrated in long-endurance stack operations (>30 000 h). Parameters affecting anode performance and endurance are well understood. alternating current-impedance analyses in combination with gain tests and current interruption technique have shown that the anode is under mass-transfer control. In contrast to the cathode, the anode is less sensitive to cell temperature and does not approach charge-transfer limitation even at a low temperature (575 °C). An advanced design with a balanced pore structure has been developed to suppress or reduce mass transfer and enhance lifetime. The anode materials currently used have the desired stability and performance for a useful life of >5 years. Approaches to reduce manufacturing cost, improve performance, and develop low-cost alternative materials with a tolerance for high-sulfur fuels have been identified.
Published Version
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