11 - Virtual power plant communication system architecture

Abstract

Virtual power plant (VPP) technology aggregates geographically distributed energy resources enabling the management of flexible capacity in the power network on a large scale while implementing local grid constrains. In the smart grid concept, electricity generation and consumption requires the efficient, reliable, and real-time coordination of demand and supply using modern information and communication technologies (ICTs). VPPs enable the inclusion of distributed energy resources into ancillary service provision, typically for load-frequency control. Ancillary services demand reliable communication systems for the exchange of relevant information. This chapter investigates the communication system architecture of VPPs, giving an overview of current communication technologies and communication protocols, which are illustrated with relevant information from selected pilot studies and real deployments. We focus on downstream communication between the VPP and distributed energy resources, and on upstream communication between the VPP, transmission system operator, distribution system operator, electricity market, and retailers. Monitoring quality of service (QoS) parameters enable insights into communication system performance and enable VPP optimization by selecting the most reliable resources for particular services.