Abstract
The urethra serves as a conduit for urine from the urinary bladder to the exterior through the external urethral meatus. In males it also serves as a conduit for semen. The epithelium of the urethra is derived from the urogenital sinus, which is formed when the endodermal cloaca divides into the rectum dorsally and the urogenital sinus ventrally, separated by the urorectal septum. In females the epithelium of the urethra is derived from the endoderm of the urogenital sinus, whereas the surrounding connective tissue and smooth muscle arise from splanchnic mesenchyme. In males the epithelium also is derived from the urogenital sinus, except in the fossa navicularis, where it is derived from ectodermal cells migrating from the glans penis. As in females, the connective tissue and smooth muscle surrounding the male urethra are derived from the splanchnic mesenchyme.
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