Abstract
Transgenic fish were developed using a variety of transgenes, methods, and species since the first transgenic fish were produced in China in 1985. Since that time, transgenic gene knockout and gene editing technologies have been adapted for fish experimentation. Early research emphasized refinement of transgenic methodology and development of novel strains of fish with commercially beneficial traits with emphasis on growth enhancement. The production of transgenic fish has since expanded to research focused on five general applications: to enhance traits of commercially important species, to develop fish as bioreactors to produce biomedically important proteins, to enhance the utility of fish as indicators of adverse health effects associated with exposure to toxicants in aquatic environments, to develop new nonmammalian animal models for comparative biomedical research and for functional genomics studies. Transgenic fish were produced that could benefit the aquaculture industry, but regulatory agencies have yet to approve them for commercial application.
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