Abstract

The covalently modified Xenes are a unique family of 2D materials in which every atom possesses a terminal ligand for stability. In these materials, the optical, electronic, and thermal properties can be controlled with the identity of the surface terminating ligands. Herein, we review the various chemical methods that have been developed for preparing these functionalized Xenes. We discuss how the electronic structure, optical properties, and thermal stability of the various Xene materials are significantly influenced by the chemical identity of the terminating ligand. Overall, these materials are an intriguing regime in materials design where surface functionalization and solid-state chemistry can be uniquely exploited to systematically design properties and phenomena.

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