Abstract
Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics are concerned with the influence of components of the diet on health and disease onset, progression, and treatment. The Human Genome Project has resulted in new developments and increased information on the genetic structure of different molecules and their relationship with factors in the environment, human disease, health, and nutrition. Molecular biotechnology involves the application of diverse innovative techniques for successful characterization of biological activity and variations of complex genes and proteins through transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and bioinformatics. Also, nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics provide examples of novel approaches that can be utilized to study the interrelationship between diet and genes. This chapter provides detailed information on pharmacogenomics and personalized drug therapy, nutrigenomics and personalized nutrition, the relationship between food and drugs, the paradigm shift from treatment to prevention in nutrition and pharmacology, and genomics tools used by both approaches. Ethical, legal, and social implications of nutrigenomics and pharmacogenomics, along with conclusions and expectations of the future, are also presented.
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