Abstract
Rapid urbanization and industrialization urged scientific communities to address several environmental concerns as the wastes from cities, towns, and industries are poured into the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems without treatment. Aquatic ecosystems are more prone to these environmental hazards as ultimately almost all the pollutants gain entry into the natural water bodies. Although several physical, chemical, and biological methods have been proposed for the bioremediation of aquatic pollutants, all these methods have certain advantages as well as disadvantages. The conventional chemical methods used for the decontamination of wastewaters are either less effective or very expensive. Nowadays, the use of microalgae is being practised to treat the wastewaters safely. The exploited use of microalgae for the remediation of wastewaters is advantageous over other wastewater decontamination techniques due to their high surface to volume ratio, high removal capability toward toxic pollutants, higher biosorption capacity, adaptability to different environments, and cost-effectiveness. This chapter focuses on the sustainable utility of various microalgal species for the remediation of toxic metal ions, cyanides, hydrocarbons, pesticide residues, endocrinal disruptors, inorganic nutrients and reduction of BOD and COD from wastewaters.
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