10 - Applications in Art, Jewelry and Forensic Science

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the applications of Raman microscopy in art, jewelry and forensic science. As the art objects of interest are unique and precious, it is often desirable to perform the Raman examination directly on them. As is the case for colored compounds, it is often possible to enhance the Raman scattering by pigment samples with the use of the resonance technique. In particular, certain combinations and overtones may be observed which are not detectable in the ordinary Raman spectrum. This effect is often very helpful for pigment identification. The enhancement of Raman overtones by resonance can also aid in pigment identification. For two modern organic pigments, closely related in structure, the Raman spectra are quite similar. Thus nondestructive analyses by Raman microscopy provide information on materials, practices and alterations, information which is essential for art historians, conservators and restorers. For juridic reasons any clue constitutes an element which may be able to provide conclusive evidence. Therefore, it cannot be destroyed, or even damaged, by the analyses employed. Forensic science can then use Raman spectroscopy as an analytical technique, at even microdimensions, which preserves the integrity of the sample. Many different types of sample may be involved, depending on the origin, for example, biological, mineral, and synthetic materials.