Abstract
A theoretical plate is characterized by the fact that the vapor and the liquid it leaves behind are at equilibrium in terms of pressure, temperature and composition. Each theoretical plate is a point on the equilibrium curve yi = f(xi). The vapor leaving the plate is always richer in lightweight substances than the liquid left behind. Thus, at the top of the column, light weights are found in the distillate, and at the bottom, heavier materials are recovered in the residue.
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