Abstract
This chapter gives an overview of the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) and provides insight into its application and pitfalls. We give equations for two-dimensional elements, as well as three-dimensional solid and plate/shell elements. This chapter presents necessary modifications for the use of the method with geometrically nonlinear finite element analysis and corrections required for elements at the crack tip with different lengths and widths. Modeling and implementation aspects are discussed, as well as mixed-mode fracture criteria and standardized test methods to obtain fracture toughness data used in the analyses. Additionally, we address problems associated with cracks or delaminations located at a bimaterial interface. Further, in this chapter we demonstrate the development and application of benchmark examples for the assessment of delamination propagation capabilities. Evolving methods and future trends are introduced and recommendations for the successful use of VCCT are provided together with an application example and extensive references to key publications.
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