1 - Introduction

Abstract

The impact of a project on the environment must be considered when developing a reservoir management strategy. Environmental studies should consider such topics as pollution evaluation and prevention, and habitat preservation in both onshore and offshore environments. An environmental impact analysis provides a baseline on existing environmental conditions and provides an estimate of the impact of future operations on the environment. Forecasts of environmental impact typically require risk assessment, with the goal of identifying an acceptable risk for implementing a project. Computer flow models are often used to prepare forecasts as well as guide remedial work to reclaim the environment. A well-managed field should be compatible with both the surface and subsurface environment. Failure to adequately consider environmental issues can lead to tangible and intangible losses. Tangible losses have more readily quantifiable economic consequences. For example, if potable water is contaminated, the cost to remediate can adversely affect project economics. Intangible losses are more difficult to quantify, but they can include loss of public support for an economically attractive project. In some cases, the intangible loss can take the form of active opposition to an otherwise economically viable project. In many parts of the world, it is necessary to provide an environmental impact statement as part of the reservoir management plan.