Abstract

This chapter presents a few preliminary definitions and concepts pertaining to kinds of data and types of measurements that arise in applications. It discusses elementary tools for statistical computations and describes general terminology related to computer usage. The chapter highlights the commonly used computer hardware and software as it pertains to packaged programs. It focuses on the preparation of data for a packaged program and discusses the coding sheet and the format statements. Much of the data arising from scientific investigations is collected and recorded manually such as laboratory sheets, questionnaires, special forms, and so forth. If the data has been collected and recorded manually, it is necessary to prepare the data in some logical and concise manner that is compatible with the input medium. As discs and tapes are sophisticated forms of input, the chapter discusses only the preparation of data for the most commonly used medium of input—the punched card.

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