1 - Introduction to air pollution and environmental risk

Abstract

This book, titled “Spatial Modeling of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Risk,” explores various dimensions of air pollution, environmental risk, aquatic environments, health, and ecological risks associated with soil. Over the past few decades, the overall health of the environment has significantly deteriorated, largely due to anthropogenic causes. In tropical and subtropical countries, developmental projects and modern agricultural methods have been implemented without proper planning and management, resulting in poor conditions for the hydrosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere throughout the year. However, the COVID-19 lockdown provided a temporary respite for the environment due to the prolonged shutdown of various economic sectors. The first section (Part-I) of this book focuses on air pollution and its associated risks. It provides an overview of different sources of air pollution, types of pollutants, causes, health effects, agricultural and economic impacts, ecological risk, reduction techniques, and remediation methods with case studies.