Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of lightweight aggregate (LWA) concrete. Lightweight aggregates can originate from natural resources, or they can be man made. The major natural resource is the volcanic material, and man made or synthetic aggregates are produced by a thermal process in factories. Synthetic aggregates are produced by thermal treatment of the materials, which have expansive properties. These materials can be divided in three groups—natural materials, such as perlite, vermiculite, clay, shale, and slate; industrial products, such as glass; and industrial by-products, such as fly ash, expanded slag cinder, and bed ash. The most common types of lightweight aggregates produced from expansive clays are known as Leca and Liapor and those made from fly ash are known as Lytag. The bulk density of the aggregates varies greatly depending upon the raw materials and the process used for their manufacture. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the development of lightweight aggregates in different parts of the world.
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