Abstract
Mechanical alloying (MA) is a solid-state powder processing technique that involves repeated cold welding, fracturing, and rewelding of powder particles in a high-energy ball mill. Originally developed in 1966 to produce oxide–dispersion-strengthened Ni- and Fe-based superalloys for aerospace and high-temperature applications, this technique is now recognized as an important method to synthesize metastable and advanced structural and functional materials with a high potential for widespread applications. The metastable materials produced include supersaturated solid solutions, intermediate phases, quasicrystalline phases, amorphous alloys, and high-entropy alloys. Additionally, nanocrystalline alloys and nanocomposites have been produced in virtually every alloy system. Because of the fineness of the powders, their consolidation to full density without any porosity being present is a challenging problem. Several novel methods have been developed to overcome this issue. Powder contamination during milling and subsequent consolidation constitutes another issue; this can be resolved, though expensive. A number of applications have been developed for these mechanically alloyed novel materials. This review article presents an overview of the MA area and also traces its historic evolution.
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