Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to introduce the main concepts of viral ecology. Viral ecology is the relationship between viruses, other organisms, and the environments that a virus must face as it attempts to comply with the basic biological imperatives of genetic survival and replication. The routes by which viruses achieve transmission between these other organisms represent a second aspect of the ecology of viruses. This chapter also discusses the interactions between a virus and its hosts and biological vectors. One of the founding principles in biology is that natural selection serves as the basis for the population dynamics that produce many different outcomes. When this principle is used to examine interactions between viruses and their host and vector species, many possible strategies are noticed. Study of viral ecology not only helps in understanding interconnections that exist between the entities of virus and host, but also the interconnections between these two entities and any vectors or vehicles that the virus may utilize.
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