Abstract
This chapter focuses on angular data and frequency distributions. Angular observations arise from random experiments in various different ways. They may be direct measurements such as wind directions or vanishing angles of migrating birds. They may arise indirectly from the measurement of times reduced modulo some period and converted into angles—for example, the incidence rate of a particular disease in each calendar month over a number of years. Rounding errors in numerical calculations converted into angles also form such observations. Rose diagrams and circular histograms are sometimes described as polar-wedge diagrams. The forms of the circular distributions appearing in practice can roughly be identified from the linear histograms as in the case of linear data. The linear histogram can be obtained from the circular histogram by cutting the circle at a suitable point such that the maximum concentration on the linear histogram appears around its center.
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