1~3세기 고구려의 두만강 유역 지배방식과 책성(柵城)

Abstract

Attempted in this article is to determine the goal behind the Goguryeo people’s construction of fortresses(Chaekseong, 柵城), as described in the Goguryeo section[高句麗本紀] of Samguk Sagi(三國史記) as well as other sources including the Yi Ta-in Tomb Epitaph[李他仁墓誌銘]. Exactly when it began, and how it contributed to the reinforcement of Goguryeo’s control of the Duman-gang river area in early phases of the dynasty are the primary focus of this article. Chaekseong fortresses were usually known as security facilities built in today’s Honchun(琿春) region of China, in order to enforce Goguryeo’s ruling of indigenous tribes in the Duman-gang river area such as Northern Okjeo(北沃沮). However, prior studies showed the tendency of relying too much upon known records and Goguryeo mountain fortress vestiges, and examination focused on the tribes which were targeted as the objects of control such as Northern Okjeo has been rare. In this article, the status of cultural bodies such as Northern Okjeo and the geological meaning of the Chaekseong fortresses’ locations are objects of a closer look. Examined first are records of king Taejo-wang(太祖王) visiting the fortresses in the 1st century as well as the nature of the action called ‘Su(守),’ which both revealed themselves to be the key factors in controlling the area. All the facilities visited and patrolled were meant to reinforce the Goguryeo government’s control of resident groups in several regions: the Yeonbyeon area & the Ha’al-ha river, west to the Honchun Ildaega region; the Honchun-ha river and the Dong’nyeong region in the northeast; and the region from the Kraskino area to the lower areas of the Subun-ha river in the east. All the fortresses were constructed on vital traffic points. Meanwhile, “new fortresses[新城] in the northeast” described in later sources seems to have been a result derived from a necessity to supplement the existing control system, as the Sukshin(肅愼) tribes in the northwest was newly emerging in the region.