Abstract
This paper elaborates a negative group delay (NGD) analysis of 0IO-shape printed circuit board (PCB) traces. This circuit topology is originally implemented with a tri-coupled line (3CL) six-port element with the lateral side connected through lossy transmission lines (TLs). After description of the electrical equivalent diagram, the S-matrix model is established. The group delay (GD) is formulated from the transmission coefficient as a function of the 0IO topological parameters. The effectiveness of the GD modelling is verified with a microstrip circuit proof-of-concept (POC). Simulations and measurements, which are in good agreement, confirm the dual-band bandpass NGD behavior of the 0IO POC. The fabricated prototype generates NGD levels better than -1 ns at NGD center frequencies of about 2.2 GHz and 3 GHz. In addition, to this good NGD performance, the 0IO POC operates with a low insertion loss better than 2.5 dB and reflection losses better than 12 dB in the NGD bandwidths.
Highlights
The group delay (GD) is a key parameter in microwave electronic circuit systems
In this paper, a topology of dual band negative group delay (NGD) passive topology based on fully distributed transmission lines (TLs) with further challenge on TL loss and delay effect is developed
To establish the S-matrix model of the 0IO topology, we propose to consider the equivalent diagram composed of TL1, TL2 and CL S-matrix black boxes [S]TL1, [S]TL2 and [S]CL shown in Fig. 2, respectively
Summary
The group delay (GD) is a key parameter in microwave electronic circuit systems. The GD was exploited for design electronic functions as phase shifting [1], antenna arrays [2] and feedforward amplifier [3] etc. An NGD circuit consists of the isolated- and coupledaccesses connected in a feedback loop as a coupling between ‘‘1’’ and ‘‘0’’ shape interconnect line which presents 2.4 dB insertion loss [19]. Such geometrical shape as ‘‘01O’’ sensitively with electromagnetic interference (EMI) can be found in the PCB traces. It is especially important to design a low-loss dual-band NGD circuit For this reason, in this paper, a topology of dual band NGD passive topology based on fully distributed TLs with further challenge on TL loss and delay effect is developed. After the equivalent circuit introduction, the S-matrix modeling of the 0IO topology will be explored in the paragraph
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