Abstract
Previous research has documented the detrimental effects of breakfast skipping on daily appetite control, satiety, & eating behaviors and the improvements in these outcomes following the consumption of a high-protein (HP) breakfast in overweight/obese adolescents. While relatively unexplored, observational studies have also illustrated other health-related detriments with breakfast skipping, including poor sleep quality. Thus, the purpose of this study was to extend the current evidence and examine the effects of consuming a HP breakfast vs. breakfast skipping on appetite control, food intake, and sleep quality in healthy young professionals. Thirteen adults (age: 23.5 ± 0.9y; BMI: 23.6 ± 0.6 kg/m2) completed the following randomized cross-over design. The participants consumed a HP breakfast (350kcal; 30g Protein, 35g Carbohydrate, 10g Fat) or skipped breakfast (SKIP) for 7d/pattern. On day 7, a tightly controlled 8h clinical testing day was completed including repeated assessments of perceived hunger, fullness, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption (PFC). Daily food intake & food choice were assessed with an ad libitum packout. Sleep quality was assessed via daily actigraphy & daily sleep diaries. Daily hunger, desire to eat, and PFC were decreased (all p < 0.05) following the HP breakfast vs. SKIP. Daily fullness tended to increase (p = 0.067) following the HP breakfast vs. SKIP. The consumption of the HP breakfast tended to decrease total daily food intake (1831 ± 284kcal) vs. SKIP (2251 ± 365kcal, p = 0.087), through reductions in ad libitum carbohydrate and fat intake. Although the HP breakfast led to less total sleep time (TST) vs. SKIP (p < 0.05), no differences in sleep efficiency (TST/Sleep Period) were detected. Further, perceived sleep quality and sleep onset tended to improve following the HP breakfast vs. SKIP (p = 0.060–0.077). Collectively, the daily consumption of a HP breakfast tended to improve appetite control, reduced food intake, and may support improvements in some aspects of sleep health in healthy professionals. Internal Grant
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