Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the competitive role of sodium and potassium cations during hydrothermal zeolite crystallization from Na 2 O-K 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -H 2 O gels. It also describes the structure directing the roles of these alkali cations, the phase evolution of products, and the size and morphology of the crystals. Zeolites A, F, Q, X, and sodalite are synthesized hydrothermally from Na 2 O-K 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -H 2 O gels. The crystallization processes are monitored as a function of the fraction of sodium cations in the sodium–potassium cation gel system. Pure phases are obtained in three distinct alkali composition ranges—namely, zeolite A is crystallized at Na 2 O/(Na 2 O+K 2 O) ∼ 0.9 to 1.0, zeolite X at Na 2 O/(Na 2 O+K 2 O) ∼ 0.7 to 0.8, and zeolite F at Na 2 O/(Na 2 O+K 2 O) ≤ 0.5.
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