Abstract
`Marion' is the most important blackberry cultivar in the world, primarily due to its outstanding processing characteristics. Ideally, `Marion' could be enhanced via transformation while maintaining its fruit quality. As a successful in vitro regeneration is the prerequisite for genetic transformation, a series of experiments were conducted to optimize the conditions for in vitro regeneration for `Marion' blackberry. Parameters studied included types (three cytokinins: BA, kinetin, and zeatin; four auxins: IBA, IAA, NAA, and 2,4-D) and concentrations of plant growth regulators, explants (leaf and petiole), medium formulations (MS, WPM, and BMM), and the duration of TDZ pretreatment (3 to 6 weeks) of in vitro-grown stock plants. The highest shoot regeneration rate (65.7%) and highest number of shoots (5.1 shoots/explant) were obtained under the following conditions: stock plants were pretreated with TDZ (1 mm) for 3 weeks, followed by leaf explants dark pretreatment for 1 week on the regeneration medium (WPM with 5 mM BA and 0. 5 mm IBA). After dark treatment, regeneration plates were placed under 16-h photoperiod at light intensity of ≈50 μmol·m-2·s-1 at 23 + 2 °C for 4 weeks.
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