Abstract
Abstract Introduction Both chronotype and the actual timing of sleep have been associated with mental and physical health outcomes. While these often align, life often intervenes and causes a misalignment between desired and actual timing of sleep. The impact of such a misalignment has not been well investigated. Methods Community-dwelling (n=73,888) adults participating in the UK Biobank were monitored with wrist actigraphy for one week. Timing of behavioral patterns was derived from calculation of L5 (onset of lowest five hours of activity) and parsed into quartiles (Q1: early, Q2-3: intermediate, Q4: late). Chronotype was determined by a single question and parsed into quartiles (Q1: morning-type, Q2-3: intermediate, Q4: evening-type). Mental (mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, depression) and physical (including metabolic disorder, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, circulatory disorder, digestive disorder, respiratory disorder, all-cause cancer) health status was determined with ICD-10 codes. Prevalence and likelihood (odds ratios) of disorders were calculated and adjusted for common demographic variables (sex, age, body mass index, material deprivation) and sleep duration. Results As compared to morning-type individuals who went to sleep early (aligned), morning-type individuals who went to sleep late (misaligned) had increased likelihood of both mental (OR=1.52±0.06, p< 0.001) and physical (OR=1.45±0.03, p< 0.001) health disorders. As compared to evening-type individuals who went to sleep late (aligned), evening-type individuals who went to sleep early (aligned) had decreased likelihood of both mental (OR=0.85±0.06, p=0.002) and physical (OR=0.66±0.03, p< 0.001) health disorders. Conclusion Going to sleep early, irrespective of natural proclivity and potential circadian misalignment, is associated with better mental and physical health. Support (if any) Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs
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