Коллекция унаби (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) во влажных субтропиках России

Abstract

Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops holds a several collections of subtropical and southern fruit crops. Jujube collection (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) includes twenty accessions. The best large-fruiting varieties were identifi ed in our study: ‘Vakhsh’, ‘Ta-yang-tszao’, ‘U-sin-hun’, ‘Khurmai’, ‘Yuzhanin’, ‘Chinese 2A’. The varieties proned to parthenocarpic fruiting ‘Ta-yan-tszao’, ‘U-sin-hun’ were determined. The most productive varieties in the humid subtropics of Russia were - ‘Ta-yang-tszao’, ‘Yuzhanin’, ‘Burnim’, ‘Vakhsh’, ‘U-sin-hun’, ‘Hissar’, F-201. Fresh jujube fruits are very diverse in their taste, and table varieties have been established for fresh consumption with lined in size fruits, intensive color, juicy fl esh, sweet taste: ‘Wu-hsing-hoon’, ‘Tayang- tszao’, ‘Khurmai’, ‘Vakhsh’. Among them ‘Khurmai’ and ‘Vakhsh’ have soft almost imperceptible fruit skin. Fruits of ‘Yuzhanin’ and ‘Chinese 2A’ are juicy with a delight balance of acid and sugar at full maturity. Among universal varieties there are ‘Wu Xing-hoon’, ‘Da-bai-tszao’, ‘Yuzhanin’, ‘Vakhsh’, ‘Burnim’, ‘Khurmai’. Most of the varieties from the collection are suitable for canning and making dried and candied fruits. The jujube fruits, especially some varieties of medium and late maturation, are prone to cracking. The most resistant to cracking in the humid subtropics are ‘Chinese-2A’, ‘Hissar’, ‘F-201’ and small-fruited forms. Fruits of varieties ‘Khurmai’, ‘U-sin-hun’ crack in the range of 8-10 % in the stage of incomplete maturity. The most severe cracking of fruits was observed in the variety ‘Yuzhanin’. Some varieties and forms (‘Hissar’, F-201) are highly ornamental and can be widely used in landscape construction.