Коллекция цитрусовых культур во влажных субтропиках России

Abstract

Collection of citrus crops is basic for conducting of breeding work for creating new forms and varieties, identification and maintenance of sources of economically important traits and for the replenishment of the commercial assortment with new varieties of domestic and foreign breeding. Citrus collection fund of “Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops” consist of 132 varieties of mandarin, lemon, grapefruit, shaddock, also wild and semi-wild congeners which was bringing from Japan, America, Italy, Spain, Nicaragua and Abkhazia. It is wildly represented the group of varieties Citrus rediculata Blanco var .unshiu Tan parthenocarpic fruit- bearing: ‘Kowano-Wase’, ‘Miyagowa Wase’, ’Ochi Wase’ ,’Izeke Wase’, ‘Ikeda’, ‘Pioner 80’, ‘Sochinskii 23’, ‘Milleniym 1’, ‘Milleniym 2’, ‘Unshiy shirokolistnii’, ‘Chernomorskii’, ‘Krasnodarskii’, ‘Kodorskii’, ‘Krupnoplodnii’, ‘Sentyabrskii’, ‘Iveriya’, ‘Ubileinii’, ‘Slava Vavilovy’, ‘Kelasyrskii’, ‘Georgievskii’, Hybrid 10, Clone 33, Clone 22. In the collection there are mandarins varieties from the breeding of Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops - ‘Krasnodarskiy’, ‘Pioner 80’, ‘Sochinskiy 23’, ‘Sakharniy’, ‘Chernomorskii’, ‘Millenium 1’, ‘Millennium 2’ having economically valuable traits, including resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. As the result of a comprehensive evaluation of collection samples of Citrus limon (L.) there are revealed low-growing (3,0 m), early-maturing, (November), plenteous (230-250 centner/ha) varieties: ‘Maye’, C. limonelloides, and also intergeneric winter-hardy varieties, (C. limon × P. trifoliata) - ‘Dioscuria’, ‘Odishi’. From this group remontant varieties and forms was revealed - ‘Maye’, ‘Del Brasil’, C. limonelloides, C. limetta, C. limetta ‘Chontipico’, Swit lime, Bergamia, Ponderosa, ‘Dioscuria’. Comprehensive study of such heterogeneous collection serves as the basis for conducting breeding work on creation of new early maturing, high-yielding low-growing forms of citrus, more adapted to extreme environmental conditions. Long-term study of the collection allowed to identify the sources of economic-valuable traits: large fruited, good fruit quality, frost resistance and early maturated (C. sinensis ‘Valensia’, Tangelo, С. junos juzu).