НОВЕЙШИЕ ЗАИМСТВОВАНИЯ В РУССКОЙ СТРОИТЕЛЬНОЙ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИИ XXI в.

Abstract

The article deals with the latest foreign naming units for construction technologies within the construction terminology in modern Russian. The article aims to identify and analyze the latest foreign naming units in Russian construction terminology and to create a typology of these lexical units. The research objectives involve selecting the material, determining the sources and period of the borrowings, the semantics of the lexical units, and creating the typology of the borrowings. The material for the research is the latest foreign-language vocabulary of the construction sphere, borrowed into Russian from the 1990s till the present. The sources for the analysis are dictionaries of construction terminology, encyclopedias, textbooks, commercial catalogues, internet resources data both in Russian and foreign languages, as well as professional standards (GOSTs), scientific papers, etc. The linguistic comparative and contrastive methods serve as the methodological basis of the article. More than 210 naming units functioning in the scientific and internet discourse were selected for the analysis. The authors identified the following foreign lexical units denoting construction technologies that are not fixed either in the terminological dictionaries for construction or the Russian National Corpus: lexical, morphemic, syntactic, semantic (calques and semi-calques), and combined borrowings. The comparative analysis of the lexical units in Russian and in the source language is made, the definitional analysis of lexical units is presented, and the examples of functioning of these naming units in professional internet discourse are provided. The analysis has shown that more than 76% of the total number of the analyzed naming units were borrowed from English. Moreover, lexical borrowings are widely represented in the typology of the borrowings, among which the most numerous ones are transliterated and mixed lexical borrowings; structural derivational and syntactic calques, and semi-calques. Cases of word-forming affixes borrowing, i.e. morphemic borrowing, are found. Examples of foreign language inclusions denoting modern construction technologies as well as occasional examples of combined borrowing are also found. A case of lexical lacunarity among the newest lexical units of construction vocabulary is observed. The analysis data indicate an intensive penetration of foreign-language lexical units into the terminology of the sublanguage of construction. Although many of the analyzed names (about 62 %) are not yet fixed in terminological dictionaries, they widely occur in professional discourse and are fixed in standards and commercial catalogues.