Верования и ритуалы в системе жизнеобеспечения баргузинских и охотских эвенков в конце XX — начале XXI в.

Abstract

Evenkis, in the course of settling over a vast territory and adapting to the environment, created a wide range of local life support options. Many of the local groups have not been sufficiently studied. From this point of view, the description of the modern Evenkis life support models is relevant. An important component of the life support system is ritual activity that satisfies the spiritual needs of the people and contributes to the preservation of the environment and its resources. The traditional beliefs and rituals of two Evenki groups: the Murchens, cattle breeders (horse breeders) of the Barguzin Valley of the Republic of Buryatia, and the reindeer herders of the Okhotsk Coast of the Khabarovskii krai, are considered. Despite the differences in natural and climatic conditions, economic activities, and the influence of neighboring peoples, they adhere to common traditional Evenki beliefs and rituals: the cult of the ancestral shaman, the hunting rite, the rite of worship of the owners of the area, th Ulganni rite, the cult of fire. The article is prepared on the basis of the author’s field materials from the expeditions to the Okhotsk Evenkis in the Tuguro-Chumikansky district of the Khabarovskii krai in 2017, 2018, 2022; to the Ayano-Maysky district of the Khabarovskii krai in 2015, and to the Barguzin Evenkis in the Kurumkansky district of the Republic of Buryatia in 2012, 2020, 2022.