Образ Словаччини та словаків в українській поезії XIX–XX століть

Abstract

Background : Among the topical problems of contemporary Ukrainian literary studies are not least the problems of literary comparatives, cultural relations between representatives of various national literatures. Particularly urgent in this context is the issue of artistic relations between Ukrainians and Slovaks, whose study of the issues determines the relevance of our article. Purpose : The article is devoted to the actual problems of literary comparativistics. The image of Slovakia and Slovaks in the Ukrainian poetry of the 19th–20th centuries is studied on the basis of the national artistic and literary critical literature, were analysed poetry works of M.Shashkevich, M.Staritsky, K.Vagilevich, S.Tverdohlib, T.Kurpits, L.Pervomaisky, M.Rylsky, P.Tychyna, Y.Tarnavsky, R.Lubkivsky, dealing with issues of socio-historical and cultural relations of Slovaks and Ukrainians, the initial stages and further evolution of literary relations, enrichment and deepening their problems. Results : Summing up our research, we can conclude that the historical fate of Slovakia and its inhabitants has always been of interest to Ukrainian poets, which has been reflected in numerous of its artistic receptions. The image of Slovakia, reflected in the Ukrainian poetry of the ХІХ–ХХ centuries, is rather complex and controversial, at the same time interesting, and in general it testifies not only the mutual aspiration of the writers of both countries to establish permanent literary contacts, but the mutual desire to better know each other and find out cultural points crossing the historical fate of the Ukrainian and Slovak nations too. If in the first attempts at the artistic reception of Slovakia, which falls on the first third of the ХІХ century, such Ukrainian poets, as M. Shashkevich, and somewhat later, and M.Staritskij concentrate their attention mainly on a peculiar lyrical declaration of spiritual values and civilizational aspirations of the Slavs, the idea of Slavic unity, then from the beginning of the XX century the topics of such poetic appeals considerably deepens and expands. The image of Slovakia is localized both within its territorial integrity and national identity. The nature of the issues raised in the artistic appeals of Ukrainian poets to the image of Slovakia is also diversified. The pathos of these poetic appeals encompasses a restrained-critical attitude towards the Slovaks from the Ukrainians (K.Vagilevich, S.Tverdokhlib), an ironic or unpleasant negative assessment (T.Kurpita, Yu.Tarnavsky), but most often it turns out to be poetic messages which with deep respect, depict the national color, outlook and spiritual requests of the fraternal for Ukrainians the Slovak nation. The theme of Slovak-Ukrainian literary and artistic relations still leaves a lot of research gaps that require urgent and thorough philological study. Key words : comparative literature, Slovakia, Slovakian literature, Ukrainian poetry, artistic image