ВПЛИВ ПОЛЬСЬКОЇ СУСПІЛЬНОЇ ДУМКИ НА УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ГРОМАДСЬКО-ПОЛІТИЧНИХ ДІЯЧІВ (XIX – ПОЧАТОК XX СТ.)

Abstract

In the 19th century, Polish public opinion was in a situation similar to that of Ukraine. She tried to get rid of Russian state dictates and free herself from colonial dependence. The difference was that Polish culture, unlike Ukrainian culture, was marked by development, and society completely welcomed the ideas of the national liberation struggle. Polish society was not deprived of the imperialism of the «Historical Commonwealth» and wanted to use Ukrainians as building material for the creation of a supra-ethnic Polish state nation. What drove a wedge between Ukrainian and Polish national figures. At the same time, the Polish movement provided Ukrainians with rich material for a conceptual historiosophical understanding of the ideas of Ukrainian national liberation. Ukrainian figures of Polish origin fell less under the spell of federal theories, and were more independent in their approach to the independence of Ukraine. It is not by chance that the founder of national populism in the form of a hrodavi was a nobleman of Polish origin – Volodymyr Antonovych, and of Ukrainian modern conservatism – also a right-bank nobleman Vyacheslav Lypynskyi. The article discusses the conceptual positives from the influence of Polish society and its liberation struggles of the 19th century. on the development of the Ukrainian national liberation movement at the beginning of the modern era of history. Objectively, the Polish movement gave the Ukrainian elite more promising ideas to follow than Russian liberalism. The author draws attention to the presence of figures in the Ukrainian movement who had Polish cultural and national roots. Moreover, it was in the midst of Polish society that politicians appeared who raised the question of the cultural and political separation of Ukrainians from Russians. First of all, we are talking about the «hustlers» of V. Antonovych, the Rylskyi brothers, K. Mikhalchuk and O. Yurkevich. Intellectuals of Polish culture radicalized the anti-Russian orientation of the activities of the Kyiv community (V. Antonovych and others). They created a council policy for the unification of the sub-Austrian and sub-Russian Ukraine, and pursued the policy of the «New Era» in Galicia. Independent horse movement. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the leaders of the Revolutionary Ukrainian Party also had in their ranks descendants of the Polish cultural nobility (V. Lypynskyi, O. Skoropis-Yoltukhovskyi, L. Yurkevych, etc.). Socio-political Ukrainian conservatism of the pre-revolutionary era was built on the activities of Roman Catholic Ukrainians (V. Lypynskyi, L. Sidletskyi, B. Yaroshevskyi, F. Volska), who at the time manifested the Ukrainianness of the descendants of the right-bank gentry in Ukraine.