Music and choreography interaction in the stage dances of musical theater productions of the 17th – the first half of the 18th century

The publication, based on the study of biographical and autobiographical information, characterizes the educational, professional artistic, and educational activities of Ukrainian artists of the middle 19th and early 20th centuries. An analysis of the role of artists as active participants in the national, cultural, intellectual, and social life of Ukrainian society is presented. The author has studied not only the artistic heritage of artists, but also their multifaceted activities, which covered educational, journalistic, and organizational spheres. The article highlights theoretical positions on the educational activities of Ukrainian artists, which are illustrated by specific examples of their experience and influence on the state of society and professional and general education in Ukraine in the 19th - 20th centuries. The author touches on the problems of the direction of the high society of the middle 19th - early 20th centuries. on the development of Ukrainian culture and education; highlights biographical and autobiographical information about Ukrainian artists of the 19th - 20th centuries; reveals the role of the educational activities of Ukrainian artists, their influence on the formation of public opinion; focuses on the relationship between artistic activity with educational and pedagogical practice, the organization of art circles, schools, the creation of studios and participation in cultural and educational societies. Their pedagogical work in schools, colleges, and academies contributed to the formation of a galaxy of famous Ukrainian artists who continued the national artistic and educational tradition of their predecessors. The work also highlights the problem of self-identification of Ukrainian artists as educators and public figures, since art is considered a powerful tool for influencing and shaping public opinion, a means of broadcasting the idea of national revival, social and cultural renewal of the state. Artists took the position not only of creators of aesthetic values, but also of leaders of the national idea, founders of an intellectual space capable of uniting society around common ideological values. The publication highlights the need to understand the heritage of Ukrainian artists of the middle 19th and early 20th centuries not only as artists, but also as outstanding figures of education, who contributed to the formation of national identity with their work.

Can the 16th and early 17th centuries in Poland‐Lithuania and some other east‐central European countries be characterized as a “Golden Age” in human capital? We trace the development of a specific human capital indicator during this period: numeracy. We draw upon new evidence for Poland and Russia from the early 17th century onwards; and for Belarus, Ukraine, and Lithuania from the 18th century onwards; controlling for potential selectivity issues. Poland had quite high levels of numeracy during the early 17th century, but these levels subsequently fell below those of even southern Europe. As in other countries in the area, numeracy levels in Poland were lower than those of western Europe during the 17th, 18th, and early 19th centuries. This finding might support the hypothesis that the second serfdom process, which gained momentum during the 17th century, was one of the core reasons why human capital accumulation was delayed in eastern Europe. The major wars in the region also had devastating effects on numeracy levels. (KEYWORDS: Central‐Eastern Europe; historical Demography; Eastern Europe; Human Capital; Numeracy; Age‐Heaping; census microdata)

The compositional features were considered and the portals of the facades of buildings of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were classified. in Kyiv. Their symbolism, structure and structural construction, stylistics and characteristic architectural and decorative features were studied. The purpose of the study: to investigate and analyze the compositional, stylistic and semantic features of the portals of the facades of buildings of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. in Kyiv, to develop the principles of classification of portals and conduct their classification. Methodology. The research was conducted on the basis of the following methods: empirical, theoretical and empirical-theoretical. The empirical method includes observation, photo-fixation, graphic sketches and constructions, comparisons and generalizations. Theoretical techniques include: going from the abstract to the concrete, abstraction, concretization, identification and separation. Most of the work was carried out using empirical and theoretical methods. The results. Photographs, graphic sketches and classification of building portals of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were carried out. in Kyiv based on the developed compositional-constructive and stylistic principles of classification. It was found that the portals are located mainly on the main compositional axes of the facades of historical buildings, namely on the main vertical divisions, which are highlighted by risalites, bay windows, attics, towers and often changed scale and shape of windows. The role of the portals in the overall composition of the building and the problem of violation of the compositional integrity of the facades due to the replacement or destruction of individual parts and elements of the portals have been revealed. In particular, as a result of unsuccessful repairs and renovations in some buildings of the historical center, the entrance doors were replaced with faceless, rough, unscaled ones, which distorted not only individual facades, but also entire sections of the urban environment. The scientific novelty and practical significance of the research lies in the identification of the compositional and semantic features of the portals of the facades of Kyiv buildings of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as well as in the detailed analysis of the compositional structure, constructive and stylistic components of the portals. A scientific novelty is the developed classification of the portals of the historical buildings of Kyiv. The research will contribute to the deepening of theoretical and practical knowledge about the peculiarities of Kyiv portals of the specified period, which can be used in the restoration and reconstruction of buildings of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. in Kyiv. The developed classification of portals will be a useful educational reference material for students - future architects and designers who are interested in the peculiarities of Kyiv's historical buildings.

Today Vasyuchyn is a small village with about one thousand inhabitants. The settlement had urban status and was one of the famous craft centers in the past. There was a quarry here, where high-quality natural alabaster stone was mined and processed. Vasyuchyn alabaster had a snow-white color and was famous as a beautiful material for decorating walls, carving sculptures, tombstones and decorative architectural details. Actually, Vasyuchyn alabaster was called in the 17th century "Ruthenian marble" and products made from it were exported abroad. A small alabaster industry operated here at the beginning of the 20th century. The ancient history of the manufactory is unknown to current residents. In this regard, the publication aims to reveal the history of the settlement and perform a hypothetical reconstruction of its architectural and planning structure at the time of the 17th century. A special task is to determine the location of the former Vasyuchyn alabaster manufactory, whose activities were associated with famous sculptors and entrepreneurs of the late 16th and early 17th centuries - Herman van Hutte and Heinrich Horst. The quarry and workshop for the production of alabaster stone sculptures have probably been operating in Vasyuchyn for a long time, but the Dutch masters are responsible for raising it to a new artistic level. Vasyuchyn is one of the lost towns of Galicia. In the 14th-17th centuries, it was a private town with a very rich history. Although the history of Vasyuchyn was quite short from 1444 to 1620, its urban structure was developed and did not differ from neighboring settlements with a city rights - Knyahynychi, Khodoriv, Zhuriv, etc. In the western part of the settlement there was a midtown with a small square market square and a church. A feature of Vasyuchyn was that a mill was located next to the market square. The midtown of Vasyuchyn was surrounded by water obstacles on all sides. The water wheel created natural favorable conditions for defense. The system of defensive ramparts covered the midtown from the western and southern sides. Assessing the remains of the ramparts, which have survived only in the western part of the settlement, we attribute them to the bastion system of fortifications of the Old Dutch school. The mid was probably fortified at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, when an alabaster factory operated here. The urban structure of the city belonged to the so-called conjugated type of cities, when the castle and the midtown formed a combined defense system. Vasyuchyn Castle had two phases of development. The older defensive yard was located on an artificial island in the middle of a swampy Swirzh river valley.The remains of earthen ramparts have survived from this object. The new castle was located in the southern part of the midtown. Unfortunately, no buildings or fortifications have survived from it. A palace complex with a manor house was planned on the site of this object at a later time. Its planning structure reflected in the draft plan of the settlement from 1846. In order to reconstruct the architectural and spatial structure of the castle, which probably had a Renaissance character, it is necessary to conduct deeper historical and cartographic studies. The town of Vasyuchyn in the 16th-17th centuries should be attributed to the conditional artistic capitals of the Renaissance in Galicia. The products of the alabaster workshop exported to the many cities of Eastern and Central Europe. Artistic works made of Vasyuchyn alabaster noted in Kraków, Warsaw, Poznan, Wroclaw, Czarnów, Rymanów, etc. Many works made for local shrines - in the cities of Lviv, Sambir, Felshtyn, Uniw, etc. The revival of the alabaster industry, especially in the direction of using alabaster stone in an artistic aspect, can be the foundation of a new economic progress of the community.

During the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Arkhangelsk North, sea fishing and hunting were exercised by artels (collective associations). It can be explained by the region’s severe climate and difficult conditions for fishing and hunting, which make working by oneself impossible. This paper is relevant due to the almost complete lack of studies on the internal organization and legal status of sea fishing and hunting artels on Novaya Zemlya and Spitsbergen in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Moreover, studies on these associations are necessary for further research into the Russian experience of sea bioresource exploitation in the Arctic during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The paper aimed to examine the structure and legal status of sea fishing and hunting artels on Novaya Zemlya and Spitsbergen throughout the aforementioned period. The materials included legal acts that regulated the work of artels in the 19th and early 20th centuries, published sources about fishing and hunting artels on Novaya Zemlya and Spitsbergen, as well as documents kept in the State Archives of the Arkhangelsk Region. To perform the analysis, the author utilized the historical-systematic and historicalgenetic methods. The article dwells on the rules and customs that existed in Novaya Zemlya and Spitsbergen artels during the period under study, revealing how the structure of these associations had been changing. In conclusion, the author identified the applicable area of law for these artels in the 19th and early 20th centuries as well as the principles that contributed to their preservation.

The article analyses the phenomenon of post-truth as one of the mechanisms of cultural mobilization of the masses in the context of the Philosophy of Truth and the Basic Myth theory of George Sorel. The relevance of the study is determined by the possibility of establishing several previously unstudied reasons for the cultural turn that has led to the spread of the phenomenon of fakes. A result of which leads to emotional assessments, political bias and prejudices prevail over rational arguments, and the concept of truth is blurred. The purpose of the article is to provide a conceptual analysis of the trend that can be defined as the transition from the philosophy of Truth to the philosophy of post-Truth. In order to achieve this goal, it was necessary to complete the following tasks: 1) to explicate the conceptual apparatus of Russian philosophical culture, grouped around the philosophical themes of Truth and Verity; 2) to test it by analyzing the processes of reception and further development of Marxist philosophy in Russia; 3) to identify and describe the non-trivial features of these processes; 4) to compare the concept of post-Truth with G. Sorel’s theory of basic myth; 5) to apply the resulting theoretical hybrid to the analysis of fakes in the culture of the information society. The research materials are the works of Russian philosophers and prominent socio-political figures who reflected on the relationship between Truth and Verity in the 19th – 20th centuries. The research utilizes historical-genetic, hermeneutic and axiological approaches, which use various methods of description, comparative and conceptual analysis. G. Sorel's teaching on the basic myth was also used as a theoretical lens. As a result of the study, the cultural and philosophical specificity of the transition from the philosophy of Truth to the philosophy of post-Truth was reconstructed. The paper shows that the conceptualization of Truth and Verity in Russian culture and philosophy that took place in the 19th and early 20th centuries revealed the potential for mutual correspondence and inconsistency between these concepts. Applying the resulting conceptual apparatus to the development of Marxism in Russia in the first half of the 20th century that the concept of posttruth appeared as early as in the first third of the 20th century. The key features of the early model of post-Truth can be considered its manipulative nature, dependence on leaderism and connection with the media. Moreover, the consideration of this phenomenon as an element of Soviet ideology in the framework of the theory of the basic myth of G. Sorel showed its connection with the so-called culture of meaning, which moved from the search for Verity to the search for Truth and later to the state of post-Truth. In turn, philosophizing in the post-Truth mode has proven effective in mobilizing collective action, which served to further popularize and develop the practices of using the philosophy of post-Truth. This process manifests itself within the framework of the strategy of producing fakes, actively implemented by groups and individuals at the present time.

The turbulent past has marked the entire area of Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially its peripheral parts, which were often influenced by violent demographic changes, reflecting on various population structures. The wider area of Podrinje was affected by forced migrations of the Bosniak population during the 19th and 20th centuries. The expulsion of Bosniaks from the Principality of Serbia in the early 1830s significantly impacted the demographic structures of the Bosnian Podrinje region, especially the Osat region. This study does not explore various anthropogeographic changes in the settlement of Pribidol, whether they occurred during normal or forced social events, but rather investigates the process of family formation and households during the 19th century. The most important historical sources used for the mentioned research are: the Ottoman census of male household members of the Srebrenica District in 1850/51, the Ottoman cadaster of 1867/75, the list of residential property owners from 1880/84, as well as the land registry books of the Srebrenica District in 1894. This study explored the families that lived in the settlement of Pribidol during the 19th century. These are the following families: Ahmetović, Aljić, Begić, Dervišević, Džananović, Halilović, Husić, Ibišević, Ibrahimović, Janković, Marković, Mešanović, Mitrović, Muminović, Mustafić, Osmanović, Salkić, and Smajić. In the Muslim area of Pribidol, 19 households, or family households, were recorded, with a total of 79 male individuals, with an average age of 20.1 years. In the then-independent settlement of Pribidol, 15 households were recorded, with 59 male individuals, with an average age of 19.0 years. In the Barakovići mahalla, 3 households were recorded, with 14 male individuals, and in the independent settlement of Zgunja, one household was recorded with a total of 6 male individuals. Therefore, the total population of Bosniak Pribidol was around 160 individuals of both sexes. During the conducted census in 1850/51, only two families had a family surname, which changed in the early 1880s. According to the 1879 census in the settlement of Gaj (Turkish Pribidol), there were 171 inhabitants (93 male individuals) all of Bosniak nationality. There were 25 houses and an equal number of apartments in the settlement, with an average of 6.8 individuals per household. The 1895 census recorded 315 inhabitants (158 male individuals). There were 255 Bosniaks and 60 Orthodox inhabitants. There were a total of 50 houses (2 uninhabited) with 50 households - an average size of 6.3 members. Between 1850/51 and 1895, there was a significant increase in the population of the settlement of Pribidol, especially in the last census of 1895. This growth was conditioned by the settlement of Orthodox inhabitants, who constituted 25% of the total population in 1895. The list of residential property owners from 1880/84 identified three new mahallas (Kadrići, Podševar, and Živkovići) compared to the census of 1850/51. These Bosniak families of the settlement of Pribidol persisted throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, either through male or female lines, except for changes in the family surname among married female inhabitants. Some family surnames ceased to exist in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, either due to the extinction of their male members or their emigration from the settlement of Pribidol. This particularly applies to families with the surnames Ahmetović, Halilović, and Mešanović. The number of households (families) increased among other Bosniak families until the mid-20th century, and some of their members moved to other settlements in the Podrinje region, primarily around the cities of Bijeljina, Bratunac, and Srebrenica.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, periodic outbreaks of plague occurred in South Asia. Plague epidemics covered the territories of India, China, Iran (Persia), Afghanistan and the Russian Empire. At the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries, the Russian government developed special comprehensive programs to protect the border from the penetration of the terrible infectious disease in the territory of the Turkestan region. Special attention within the framework of those programs was paid to the solution of international political, economic and medical problems related to the sanitary and epidemiological situation. The main objective of the article is to assess the role of the Russian government and scientific community in the development of sanitary and prophylactic measures to combat plague on the border of the Russian Empire with Iran and Afghanistan. Analyzing the documents deposited in the fonds of the Russian State Military History Archive, the author of the study concludes that the measures taken by the government of the Russian Empire to control the plague were generally effective and contributed to the prevention of major outbreaks of the disease in the territory of the Turkestan region in the late 19th – early 20th century

The report presents the changes that took place in nahiya Kara Lom between the late 17th and early 18th centuries. It is based on published and unpublished Ottoman documents – detailed cizye and avariz defters, stored in the Ottoman Archives in Istanbul and at the Oriental Department in Sofia. They were composed in the late 17th – first half of the 18th centuries. At the turn of the 18th century, very significant transformations took place in this region, which changed its appearance and state fundamentally. The main focus of the study is on the demographic and religious changes and processes in the region. They were expressed in the sharp decline of the population. This process was specific to the whole region, and its causes can be traced to many factors that have had a detrimental effect. These included climate change, plague epidemics, population migrations, economic problems in the Ottoman Empire, and the process of Islamization. They led to a decline in the population of Kara Lom, which can be described as a demographic crisis. In the vortex of this crisis, there was a “change” of the confessional image of the nahiya, i.e. a radical change in the religious model of the district, which had disastrous consequences for many settlements in the region. The report provides possible explanations for the demographic and religious transformations in nahiya Kara Lom, which shaped the area in the next century as we know it today.

The article deals with the features of constructing the image of a false ruler in German chronicles of the late 13th and early 14th centuries. Describing modus operandi of the false emperor Frederick II of Staufen (acted in the Lower Rhine in 1284—1285) and giving characteristics the social groups that sympathized with him medieval historiographers looked for an image, which could serve for them as a prototype in their description of medieval reality. The author found out that this prototype was Antichrist, the character of Apocalypse as an ideal imitatior, i.e. a person, which claims were totally false. The medieval exegetics this character acquired characteristic properties and attributes. The medieval exegetists created to this character various features and attributes. Medieval chroniclers, resynthesized the idea of “imitator” creating the image of the false emperor, reworked such “signs” of the Antichrist’s “repetition” as some details of the Christ’s biography, convincing eloquence, generosity, creation of miracles.

Introduction. The article considers the trends in the development of Soviet historiography of Russian anti-war thought in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Analysis. The interrelation of the evolution of the views of Soviet researchers on pre-revolutionary pacifism with socio-political changes in the USSR is revealed. The negative assessments of “bourgeois pacifism” expressed by V.I. Lenin had a significant impact on the study of peacekeeping in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Methods and materials. In the existing historiography, only certain aspects of the problem are considered. Among the most important methods and approaches used in writing this work are the historical-systemic and historical-comparative methods. The source base of the study was primarily scientific works, reference and encyclopedic publications, and journalistic materials. Results. The authors propose to single out three stages in the history of the study of Russian anti-war thought in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries in Soviet times. The most distinct features of the first stage (lack of significant research on the topic, harshness, and categorical assessments) emerged in the mid-1920s and were traced until the mid-1950s. Against the background of political changes in the USSR and the growth of public interest in the problem of maintaining peace, there was a serious increase in research interest in the history of Russian anti-war thought. Peacekeeping ideas were considered during this period primarily within the framework of legal, historical, and philosophical studies. The third stage became noticeable at the end of the 1980s, which manifested itself in a significant increase in works on the history of domestic pacifism and its terminological “rehabilitation.” Authors’ contribution. N.Yu. Nikolaev revealed the trends in the development of Soviet historiography of Russian anti-war thought in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. S.P. Ramazanov analyzed methodological approaches and carried out general scientific editing of the article.

In recent decades historians, sociologists and political scientists have attempted to explain why in the late 19th and early 20th centuries some Western countries adopted national corporatist structures while others transformed into liberal market economies. One of the explanatory factors often mentioned is the persistence or absence of guild traditions. Yet how exactly guild traditions influenced the shaping of national political economies largely remains unclear due to a lack of empirical evidence on their 19th-century development. This paper aims to contribute to the debate by investigating the development of various trades in Germany, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands throughout the 19th century. We distinguish six scenarios of what might have happened to crafts during the transition to an industrial economy. Next we focus on the prevalence of these six scenarios in the three countries and their influence on the emerging national political economies. We conclude that the claims put forward in the literature about the importance of guild traditions are only partially correct. By focusing on trades, rather than on the national or local political economy, our analysis demonstrates that in our three sample countries a wide variety of trades – some in which guild traditions survived, others in which these traditions had never existed or were destroyed in the 19th century – existed side-by-side. Decisive in the formation of national political economies and citizenship rights weren’t general national patterns, but which of these trades came to dominate the development of national political economies by the end of the 19th century.

The article presents the results of a study of the previously unexplored history of land ownership in the volosts of Belaya – an important region on the Russian-Lithuanian border in the 14th to 17th centuries. The subject of the research is the geography of land ownership, including its distribution, sizes, ratio of different types, and developed land. The sources of the study were the census books of the Belsky district from the second half of the 17th century and the act materials from the first half of the 17th century – the Polish period in the history of Belaya. These sources contain information not only about landowners of this period but also from the earlier Moscow period (the second half of the 16th – early 17th centuries). In the work on localizing the toponyms of the 17th-century sources, cartographic materials from the General Survey of the 18th century were used. Geoinformation technologies were applied in the study. The geoinformation project developed in the NEXTGIS environment allowed processing a large volume of historical and geographical information. The integration of data from various sources enabled a retrospective analysis of the dynamics of land ownership in the Belsky volosts in the 16th-17th centuries for the first time. The boundaries of land allotments allowed for the visualization of the limits of land holdings in the 16th-17th centuries. The geography of palace and noble land ownership was characterized. Formed from confiscated lands, mainly from the Vitebsk Jesuit college, palace land ownership in the Belsky district in the 1650s to 1670s was only slightly inferior in size to that of the nobility and the Cossacks. The continuity of a number of land holdings is traced in two aspects. Firstly, this is the continuity of the borders of land holdings of the Russian nobility in the second half of the 16th – early 17th centuries and the estates of the nobility in the 17th century. In particular, the holdings of the Tatev, Travin, and Temirev families from the 16th century remained within their borders for the nobility both during the Polish period and after Belaya was incorporated into the Russian state. Secondly, there is continuity in the holdings of the nobility in the first and second halves of the 17th century. The ownership of the same estates by representatives of noble families, such as the Poplonsky, Rachinsky, and others, is traced. The continuity of the geographical boundaries of land ownership likely accompanied the preservation of the parameters of land development. A significant factor in the preservation of archaic features was the presence of extensive forest and wetland areas. The data obtained significantly enrich our understanding of the historical geography of the Russian borderlands.

The aim of the article is a general review of the process of forming political education as a set of political ideas, knowledge in politics, and the system of training officials in Ukrainian universities in the 19th – early 20th centuries. Methods: The historical-genetic method was used, which was in reproducing the long-term process of formation of political education of the period. The historical-comparative approach made it possible to identify the similarities and differences of the essential characteristics of the object, to summarize the historical facts and to carry out further typology. In the end, the historical-systemic method ensured consideration of political education in Ukrainian universities in the context of the formation of political science in Western world. Main results. Researchers link the origins of political education in the territories of sub-Russian Ukraine with the opening of Kharkiv University (1805) and the department of moral and political sciences, where advanced political and legal knowledge and ideas were disseminated. The next stage, which also includes Kyiv University (1834), begins with the Statute of 1835. It defines the guidelines for law faculties, in which officials were trained, which in the 19th century meant state or political education. The Statute of 1863 marked a new stage in the development of education. In the reform era of the 60s (19th century) Novorossiysk University was opened in 1865. At the same time, the period was marked by the increased attack of tsarism on Ukrainian culture and education. State science (or political) science did not have a formal structural division in domestic universities. However, researchers emphasize the special role of professors in the development of political science. Scientific foreign trips during the last third of the 19th and early 20th centuries opened chances for scientists to acquire knowledge of political life in Europe and reproduce it in teaching. Type of article: review. The article offering a holistic glance of the formation of political education in the universities of Ukraine in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It argues that political education was formed in the bosom of subdivisions related to jurisprudence, political economy, and philosophy. The lack of a separate shelter for this field of knowledge was explained by the non-separation of the science of politics from the general system of humanities and legal sciences in the Western world.

Botanical Dissertations from the 19th and Early 20th Centuries at the Ohio State University Herbarium (OS)