Хозяйственная жизнь и быт крестьян как отражение процесса формирования сельской поселенческой сети на территории Среднего Прииртышья в конце XIX - начале ХХ в.

Abstract

In the process of formation of the rural settlement network of the Middle Irtysh region, several stages can be distinguished, among which an important place is occupied by the period of the late 19th - early 20th century. At this time, a large number of new rural settlements appeared on the map of the modern Omsk region, and the number of existing settlements increased significantly. The circumstances that determine this process within the designated chronological framework are of interest today in the interdisciplinary scientific field. Considering the stated problem, both objective and subjective factors should be taken into account; take into account the influence of state policy, natural and climatic, geographical, socio-economic conditions. One of the indicators of the process of formation of a rural settlement network on the territory of the Middle Irtysh region in the late 19th - early 20th century. the organization of the economic life and life of the peasants. It was they who, in many ways, determined the microclimate in the village or the need to find a new place of residence. The construction and maintenance of the railway, the availability of land, forests and pastures suitable for farming, the availability of sources of drinking water created the conditions for the emergence of new settlements in the Irtysh region. Their foundation was the result of both the resettlement of peasants from beyond the Urals, and the result of internal migration. The basis of economic life was arable farming and cattle breeding. Crafts, which directly depended on the place of residence of the peasants, played an important role in economic life. An important condition for settling in a new place was the construction of houses. The type of dwelling depended on the zone of settlement: in the steppe and forest-steppe zones, the main types of dwellings of the settlers at the first stage were dugouts, huts and booths, in the taiga regions the material for construction was wood.