γ-radiation for improved reinforcement effect of single and hybrid nano-clay and cellulose nanofiber in thermoplastic natural rubber nanocomposite

Abstract

The present research aims to investigate the effect of organoclay (OMMT) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF) filler loading exposed to different gamma irradiation dosages on the thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)/natural rubber (NR) and liquid natural rubber (LNR) as compatibilizer. The melt-blending method was used to prepare single nanofillers (3 wt % and 6 wt % filler loading) and hybrid nanofillers (same filler loadings with 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 ratios) of OMMT and CNF incorporated into TPNR nanocomposites. The tensile results showed that 6 wt % CNF exhibited better tensile strength and elongation than OMMT with an increment of 77 % and 82 %, respectively. At 3 wt % filler loading, the hybrid nanocomposite at a ratio of 1:1 (OMMT:CNF) showed the best tensile properties. Upon gamma radiation, tensile properties increased from 5 kGy to 10 kGy until a dropping trend was observed at 15 kGy. The optimized tensile properties with 10 kGy irradiation aligned with the improved TPNR-nanofiller interface interaction, as observed from SEM morphology. The FTIR demonstrated the TPNR-filler interface interaction in single filler and hybrid nanocomposites, irrespective of gamma radiation. The obtained results reveal that OMMT/CNF in TPNR matrix is a suitable alternative for advanced lightweight structural and non-structural applications.