Изменение ареала западной зелёной пеночки (Phylloscopus trochiloides viridanus Blyth, 1843) в Украине и на прилежащих территориях

Abstract

The aim of the work is to analyze the distribution of the Greenish Warbler of the subspecies viridanus in Ukraine and to determine the status of the species in various regions of the country. We used the analysis of the 3 – layer GIS map of the distribution areas of the Greenish Warbler for the period 1936–2022 in the DIVA-GIS program: 1st layer – the first registrations of the species (1936–1974); 2 – bird sightings at the end of the migration period (1979–2022); 3 – registrations in the nesting period. 77 GIS coordinates were used to build maps: author’s data, collection’s data of the Zoological Museum of the NNPM NAS of Ukraine, reference’s data, photo’s databases. In 1936–1974, the Greenish Warbler showed 2 foci of flights: 1 – in the south (in the Crimea, Nikolaev and Odessa regions), 2 – in the northeast – in the Belgorod region. In the northeastern region, the territory of distribution of the Greenish Warbler has increased significantly by 2022, but not in the south. The analysis performed indicates that the southern border of the Greenish Warbler habitat has shifted even more to the south and passes through the northern and northeastern regions of Ukraine. There is a tendency for the species to move further through Central Ukraine to the south of the country. In the south, registrations of a species with an unclear status at the end of spring migration and the beginning of the nesting period are typical. In the northeast, the Greenish Warbler nests. For Chernihiv, Kyiv and Ternopil regions, we assume the possibility of nesting. The species was not recorded in the southeastern and southwestern regions of Ukraine. In the northeastern regions, the first appearance of birds actually coincided with the beginning of their nesting, but the species has remained rare for about 30 years, breeding sporadically. In the southern regions, birds appeared and then disappeared for a rather long period, and after a while they are recorded more often and over a larger area. In Ukraine, the Greenish Warbler inhabits urbanized biotopes and is noted in 3 natural-geographical zones: forest, forest-steppe and steppe. It is possible that the Greenish Warbler does not nest in the south of Ukraine due to significant differences in the habitat conditions of the steppe zone from the forests in which the species has evolved. We believe that the successful resettlement of the Greenish Warbler is associated with a complex of factors: another wave of increase in the number of birds, favorable for the species climatic changes in the territories adjacent to the southern border of the range, the synanthropizations of the Greenish Warbler, transformation of the steppe zone of Ukraine due to the creation of tree plantations on its territory.