МУНІЦИПАЛЬНА ПОЛІЦІЯ В ПОСТСОЦІАЛІСТИЧНИХ КРАЇНАХ ЄС: КОМПАРАТИВНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ (Municipal Police in the EU Post-Socialist Countries: Comparative Analysis)

Abstract

Ukrainian Abstract: У статті здійснено порівняльне дослідження сучасних моделей функціонування муніципальної поліції в європейських постсоціалістичних державах — Польщі, Угорщині, Латвії, Естонії — та Україні. Розкрито як позитивний, так і негативний досвід діяльності муніципальної поліції. Проаналізовано характерні ознаки, притаманні муніципальним підрозділам поліції в цих країнах, і як висновок вказано про необхідність проведення поетапних перетворень та надання територіальній громаді можливості впливати на стан публічного порядку. English Abstract: Orlov V.A. Municipal police in the EU post-socialist countries: comparative analysis. In the article the comparative study of the current patterns of municipal police functioning in EU post-socialist countries, those are Poland, Hungary, Latvia, Estonia and Ukraine was carried out. Both Positive and negative experiences of their activities were studied. Considering the experience of European units of municipal police the recent activities of municipal police in Ukraine were examined. The main features of municipal police corps in those countries were analyzed. It is emphasized, that the legal basis for their functioning are special legislative acts and charters of municipal police, which are adopted by local self-government bodies. It is also stated, that the municipal police units are created by the self-government bodies after consultations with state bodies. For Poland the notification nature of the establishment is typical. Municipal police associations can be established in several administrative units. Municipal police is funded solely from the local budget. The officers of municipal police have the right to use coercion (physical force, special means), and the Polish municipal police are allowed to use firearms. The functions of the municipal police in the countries under study are similar, and a delineation of powers with the state police is foreseen. It is pointed out, that in Ukraine today only parking inspectors of local governments vehicles have received legitimate powers to coerce – forced detention of vehicles. The author comes to the conclusion, that the existing problems in the sphere under consideration should be solved step by step and yet allow the territorial community (the united territorial community) to influence the state of communal public order either by creating a municipal police (guard), or by adopting effective law enforcement programs orientation. The development of appropriate mechanisms should be the basis for new scientific research.