绝对音高感及旋律转调类型对旋律音高记忆的影响<br>Memorizing Transposed and Non-Transposed Melody by Absolute Pitch Processors

Abstract

本实验考察了39名绝对音高者、模糊音高者以及相对音高者(音乐专业本科生)对不转调、远关系转调以及近关系转调旋律音高的记忆，通过3 × 3的实验设计，探讨了音高知觉类型及其与转调类型的交互作用对音高记忆的影响。结果表明：1) 三种类型被试对旋律的记忆没有显著性差异，说明其不受音高知觉类型的影响。2) 模糊音高者对远关系转调旋律记忆的正确率高于其他类型被试且高于近关系转调，表明模糊音高者采用了不同的记忆策略。 Prior research has suggested that absolute pitch (AP) listeners could clearly tell a note of particular pitch in the absence of a reference note. The present study aims at exploring the melody memory by different AP processors such as clear AP, borderline AP and non-AP processors under various types of melody (close-relationship transposed melody, distant-relationship transposed melody and non-transposed melody). That is, the effects of absolute pitch on melody memory depend on whether the melody is transposed or not transposed. In their experiment, the authors have found that 1) the listeners who had absolute pitch reported lower accurate rates of transposed melody memory than listeners who had relative pitch. Such result showed that absolute pitch processers performed much more poorly in transposed melody memory than non-absolute pitch processers; 2) borderline AP processors recognized much lower accurate rates of both close-relationship transposed and non-transposed melody than distant-relationship transposed melody. It is suggested that the various types of melody could significantly impact the melody memory by borderline AP processors.