“Impact of Environmental Awareness Module among Under Graduate Students”

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating effect of tourism experience in the process of pre-service early childhood teachers’ environmental attitudes influencing on environmental awareness and environmental conservation awareness.
 Methods The subjects of the study are 205 students in the Department of Early Childhood Education at A University located in Gyeonggi-do and B University located in Chungcheong-do. The Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and structural relationship between the research variables were analyzed and presented using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 23.0. To find out direct and indirect effects and total effects with structural equation and the mediating effect in both-sided verification of 95% confidence intervals was investigated by the bootstrap estimation method.
 Results The main findings are as follows. First, environmental awareness and environmental conservation awareness showed a statistically positive correlation with environmental attitudes and the sub-areas, environmental ethics, local residents' consideration, nature conservation, and harmony with local natural culture, while but there was no statistically significant correlation with animal and plant affinity. There was a statistically positive correlation between environmental awareness and environmental conservation awareness. Second, it was found that environmental attitudes do not directly affect environmental awareness, but indirectly affect. It also directly and indirectly affects environmental conservation awareness, and directly affect tourism experiences. Tourism experiences were found to directly affect environmental awareness and environmental conservation awareness. Third, As a result of verifying the mediating effect, it was found that tourism experiences completely mediated in the process of environmental attitude affecting environmental awareness, and partially mediated in the process of environmental attitude affecting environmental conservation awareness.
 Conclusions The results of this study reaffirmed that tourism experience is an important factor that helps improve environmental awareness. Thus, I explored and suggested a way to raise pre-service early childhood teachers’ awareness of environment through meaningful experiences.

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted in Gwayi Valley Conservation Area in Zimbabwe. The objective was to evaluate the level of environmental awareness raising among rural communities resettled by government in a wildlife conservation area and their behavior and actions towards biodiversity conservation. We selected three communities based on the degree of exposure to environmental awareness campaigns by various government departments and non-governmental organizations. This formed a gradient of exposure to environmental awareness campaigns, ranging from the most accessible and exposed community (Hangano), moderately exposed (Gwayi) through to the least accessible and exposed community (Karna). We used focus group discussions, key informant interviews and structured interviews with 95 respondents in the selected communities from November 2016 to April 2017. Through public awareness raising, a number of conservation groups were established including fire and hunting committees, anti-poaching teams and environmental resource monitors. While these groups were found to be either inactive or less effective in Gwayi and Karna, all were found to be very active and effective in Hangano. Similarly, community behavior and actions that caused biodiversity loss such as indiscriminate cutting of live trees, poaching, streambank cultivation, fishing in rivers with nets and use of sledges were much reduced in Hangano than in Gwayi and Karna. Frequent environmental awareness campaigns played a critical role in promoting biodiversity in Hangano. We conclude that substantial gains can be made in environmental conservation by investing more in public awareness campaigns, particularly in developing countries such as Zimbabwe where financial resources for conservation are scarce.

<sec><st>Introduction</st> Cortisol is a hormone produced by adrenal glands under the control of pituitary gland which helps the organism to cope with different types of stress. One of these possible stressors might be occupational noise exposure. Our research studied the possible influence of noise exposure on cortisol blood level (CBL) and if noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) may play a role in this relationship. </sec> <sec><st>Material and method</st> 118 workers from a silicon carbide facility were initially included of whom 67 completed the study. For each job site noise exposure was assessed and a cumulative exposure was calculated for every subject (number of years spent in the same job x noise level). A complete physical examination, a pre exposure audio-metric test and two blood samples taken at the same time one week interval (one pre noise exposure – afternoon shift; the other post noise exposure – morning shift) were performed. T Test was used to make statistical analysis. </sec> <sec><st>Results</st> Mean age = 42.2±6.29 years. Mean exposure time = 16.16±5.41 years. Mean noise level = 84.88±3.71 dB. Mean cumulative exposure = 1,377±470.9 dB-years. Normal hearing (NH) = 33 subjects (49.25%). NIHL = 34 subjects (50.75%). CBL pre exposure = 126.87 µg/l and post exposure = 114.92 µg/l (p = 0.204). CBL in NH subgroup: pre exposure = 110.04±63.35 µg/l, post exposure = 129.44±66.1 µg/l (p = 0.194). CBL in NIHL subgroup: pre exposure = 143.19±59.77 µg/l, post exposure = 100.82±47.24 µg/l (p = 0.000). CBL pre exposure: NH subjects = 110.04±63.35 µg/l, NIHL = 143.19±59.77 µg/l (p = 0.031). CBL post exposure: NH = 129.44±66.1 µg/l, NIHL = 100.82±47.24 µg/l (p = 0.045). </sec> <sec><st>Conclusions</st> There was no significant difference in CBL measured pre and post noise exposure in the entire group. However, we found a statistical significant difference in CBL in NIHL subgroup (lower level post exposure). This subgroup also had significant higher values pre exposure and lower post exposure compared to NH subgroup. These findings have to confirmed by more in depth research. </sec>

This research is motivated by the effective use of music as a medium for environmental conservation and awareness. The works created by the children of Kampoeng Baca Pelangi have made efforts to voice the importance of environmental conservation and awareness. The focus of this research is to understand the effectiveness of music as a medium for character building in environmental awareness among the children of Kampoeng Baca Pelangi in Mercekebon Village, Narmada Subdistrict, West Lombok Regency. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach, a method that provides an overview and description of all activities using music as a medium to convey messages to children to understand the importance of preserving the natural environment. The research consists of four stages: planning, observation, implementation, and reflection. The research was conducted over a period of three months, emphasizing music as an effective medium for the children in the Kampoeng Baca Pelangi community in Mercekebon Village, Narmada Subdistrict, West Lombok Regency. The results of the research show that music can be an effective medium for raising community awareness about the environment and nature. This has proven to be effective for the children of Kampoeng Baca Pelangi. This is evidenced by the observed changes in the children's discipline in maintaining the cleanliness of their surroundings, their habit of disposing of waste properly, and their growing understanding of the importance of preserving the environment and nature for their future.

The use of nature and its resources have diversified greatly in recent years. Amongst this diversification, the cooperation of the users in conserving the area is important for sustainable use of the nature. Outdoor recreational activities have been considered as one such sustainable use of nature, as they are related to environmental education and environmental conservation activities. In Japan, only a few studies focus on the relationships between the outdoor-recreation activities and their effects, in terms of 1) degree of environmental conservation awareness and 2) the environmentally friendly actions. The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between outdoor recreational activities and the two effects, by a review of previous studies and a questionnaire survey of canoeists, as an example for recreational outdoor activities. The review of previous studies showed that there was a tendency for the outdoor recreation to improve the environmental conservation awareness, but not the environmentally friendly actions. Furthermore, conservation actions conducted by canoe-organizations were effective. The questionnaire survey showed tendencies for increases in the degree of environmental conservation awareness and the environmentally friendly actions with the increase in the canoeing time. My study clarifies that canoeing has strong relationships with the environmental awareness, but transition to environmental-friendly actions can only be observed to a limited extend.

The teaching of biodiversity conservation in the university level is a laudable effort of teachers. The study ascertained the environmental awareness, literacy and biodiversity conservation practices of college freshmen students in Bukidnon State University (BukSU), Malaybalay City, S.Y. 2012-2013. Data on the students' level of awareness were gathered using the survey questionnaire on environmental awareness. Generally, the BukSU college freshmen students were "very much aware" of the environmental concepts on balance of nature, pollution, stewardship, finiteness of resources, change, interdependence, diversity and stability. The freshmen students are "moving towards mastery" on environmental knowledge, environmental attitudes and values and environmental application and decision making skills. The students "often" practice biodiversity conservation measures at home, in school and in the community.

The Role of integrating AI and VR in fostering environmental awareness and enhancing activism among college students

<i>Integrative Conservation</i>: A new journal from the conservation frontline

To assess the ecosystem services value of forests for snail control and schistosomiasis prevention in the Yangtze River Basin, The Benefit Of Forestry Schistosomiasis Prevention Ecological Project, referenced as Specifications for Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Services in China (LY/T 1721-2008), was evaluated scientifically by market value method and shadow engineering method selecting water conservation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration, oxygen released, biodiversity conservation, snail control and schistosomiasis prevention to value ecosystem services. Results showed that ecosystem service ecological benefit of forests for snail control and schistosomiasis prevention in the Yangtze River Basin was great from 2006-2013 with water conservation totaling 16.16×108 tons, soil conservation 1.46×108 tons, carbon sequestration 0.10×108 tons, oxygen released 0.29×108 tons, snail area decreasing 24.35×107 square meters, and the number of schistosomiasis patients decreasing by 613.1 thousand. This was a saving of about 967.20×108 Yuan in all. Snail control and schistosomiasis prevention had the greatest value accounting for 35.87%, oxygen release accounted for 33.06%, carbon sequestration accounted for 13.02%, water conservation accounted for 9.17%, soil conservation accounted for 7.31%, and biodiversity conservation had the least value, accounting for 1.57%. The ecosystem services value for different provinces was Hunan > Hubei > Jiangxi > Anhui > Jiangsu > Sichuan > Yunnan. Of the seven provinces, snail control and schistosomiasis prevention of Anhui Province was greatest accounting for 18.17%. The other five function values were largest in Hunan Province. The study found that the comprehensive ecosystem service of snail prevention and control, oxygen release, carbon sequestration, water conservation, and soil conservation accounted for 98.43% of the ecosystem service value. The government of Hunan Province attached great importance to the prevention and treatment of schistosomiasis and undertook suppressing snail work the most. In hilly regions of Yunnan Province, Oncomelania Snail has a variety of environment, and its vitality is strong and its reproduction is fast, the difficulty of the prevention and control of schistosomiasis is relatively large, and the benefit of the snail suppression is not significant. This study provided a scientific basis for understanding the ecological role of snail prevention and control.

The purpose of this study is twofold: First, it tests the role of students’ environmental awareness and climate change awareness in their environmental protective behavior and environment quality (EQ). Second, it tests the mediating role of environmental protective behaviors in the association between environment behavior, climate change behavior, and environment quality. Moreover, this study utilizes climate-friendly behaviors and pro-environmental behaviors to reflect environmental protective behaviors. The stratified random sampling technique was applied to collect data through a questionnaire from a sample of 403 graduate students enrolled in Higher Education Commission-recognized private and public universities of Pakistan. This study applied partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to empirically estimate the results. This study found that climate change awareness significantly and positively affects climate-friendly behavior, environmental quality, and pro-environmental behavior. Similarly, environmental awareness significantly and positively affects environmental quality and pro-environmental behavior. Moreover, pro-environmental behavior significantly affects environmental quality. Indirect results indicate that pro-environmental behavior significantly mediates between climate change awareness and environmental quality, and between environmental awareness and environmental quality. The findings of this study suggest the importance of enhancing awareness of climate- and climate change-related issues among students to save the environment. Higher education institutions should design subjects and courses that will raise environmental and climate change awareness, and expose students to climate- and environment-friendly education.

Pakistan is having scarcity of forests, with the total area covered under forest being 5%, while it must be 25%. Inspite of the fact that we have to protect and expand our forests, many other alternative land cover and land use practices are going to be more common. Current study is a part of that effort. To have panel discussion and interviews of activists and key persons of the rural areas in the vicinity of major ecotourism spots that is Mall, Bhurban, Patriata 2-3 workshops were arranged in which a semi structured questionnaire was followed to assess the role of ecotourism in the livelihood and socioeconomic conditions of the local community. This study shows that most of the people get 5000-10000 ($49.30-98.60), rupees increase in the income per month while some earn 11000-20000 ($108.45-197.19). Even (4%, who have rented houses and restaurants) think that the raise of income is PKR 21000-50000($207.5-492.98). The local villager's perceptions about the ecological negative and positive aspects of ecotourism show that the forest based tourism has more positive effects on the lives of people as well as for biodiversity and nature conservation, as it develops the wildlife reserves, promotes the awareness of forests, environment and biodiversity, it also proves a good source of knowledge and motivation of visitors that increases the stewardship, to love and conserve natural resources.

Global environmental challenges such as warming, air pollution, and ozone depletion have emerged. The purpose of this study is to disclose local and visitor knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding environmental conservation in mountainous areas. Individuals' environmental awareness, concern, attitude, behavior, and academic background knowledge are potential factors that may assist in dealing with these challenges. We assessed the ecological awareness, concern, attitude, and behavior of the local and tourist communities in the mountainous area. Furthermore, the author also investigated how environmental awareness, concern, and attitude influence individuals' ecological behavior. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data, including some locals and other tourists from different areas. The survey analysis concluded that people are aware and think that environmental change is a time to be concerned, and people strongly agree on ecological pollution, which is causing serious problems. The study analyzes the individual’s daily routine, attitude towards environmental conservation, and people's responses positively and takes part in saving our environment from degradation.

Different sustainable technologies were used in Expo 2020 Dubai to construct the different participating pavilions. Moreover, participating countries in the Expo have presented their state-of-the-art sustainable urban planning, transportation, and energy technologies. The purpose of using and presenting these technologies was to raise the visitors' environmental awareness. Thus, this study first presents a sample of sustainable technologies that were used or presented at the Expo. It then seeks to determine if using and presenting these technologies has fulfilled the Expo goal of raising its visitors' environmental awareness. It also tries to find out which environmental dimension was raised the most. For this purpose, a questionnaire was used to measure environmental awareness before and after visiting Expo 2020 Dubai. Statistically analyzing the responses of 1,108 frequent visitors shows that Expo 2020 Dubai achieved its goal of increasing visitors' environmental awareness, particularly the environmental attitude dimension. The findings also reveal that it is essential to have a point of interest devoted to environmental issues in similar events. This positive impact on the visitors should convince upcoming mega-event planners to follow Expo 2020 Dubai's steps. However, researchers need to develop strategies to raise the willingness to act dimension of environmental awareness.

This study investigates the differences in attitudes and awareness among science teachers regarding the design of instructional activities and their influence on students’ environmental awareness and conservation. It compares large provincial secondary schools with medium-sized secondary schools, collecting data from 41 teachers and 88 students through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal distinct instructional priorities between the two school types. In large provincial secondary schools, most teachers prioritize disseminating scientific knowledge (57.00%), followed by developing scientific process skills (43.00%), while cultivating scientific attitudes is not a focus (0.00%). In contrast, medium-sized secondary schools emphasize scientific process skills (69.00%), followed by knowledge dissemination (31.00%), with no emphasis on scientific attitudes (0.00%).Students in medium-sized secondary schools demonstrated higher levels of environmental awareness and conservation. Interviews suggest that in large provincial schools, social context, parental expectations for higher education, and student preparedness lead teachers to focus on knowledge-based instruction. Meanwhile, in mediumsized schools, the environmental context and parental expectations favor practical applications and employment, with the school’s natural surroundings reinforcing this approach. As a result, these schools emphasize scientific process skills and real-world applications, leading to positive outcomes such as fostering scientific and environmental attitudes and encouraging students to actively engage in solving environmental issues.

Environmental awareness is one of the main challenges in creating a sustainable society. In Mangunharjo Village, low awareness of the importance of environmental conservation prompted a greening movement based on youth collaboration. This program aims to increase participation and environmental awareness through education, greening actions, and sustainable plant management. The methods used include environmental awareness training, joint tree planting, and assistance in plant maintenance. The results of the program showed an increase in youth understanding of environmental issues and increased active participation in greening activities. In addition, a synergy was created between the youth and the community in maintaining and caring for the village environment. This program has a positive impact by creating a greener environment and strengthening environmental awareness among the youth of Mangunharjo Village.