Комплексный подход ускоренной селекции F1-гибридов ярового рапса на основе ЦМС

Abstract

The breeding of F1-hybrids of spring rapeseed is the most effective approach to solving the problem of increasing rapeseed yield, as well as provides a more effective return on investment in breeding. Accelerated breeding of heterosis hybrids is provided by a complex of modern biotechnological and molecular-genetic methods. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is used to control hybridization in the industrial production of F1-hybrid seeds and for additional copyright protection. Molecular-genetic markers allow rapid determination of the type of CMC and differentiation between the lines of fertility restorers and sterility maintainers. By combining double haploid production and indoor planting for the development of maternal lines, the intensity of the breeding process can be increased by 2–3 times. In this research, we have genotyped a germplasm collection of foreign spring rape using the molecular marker ORF138 for the Ogura cytoplasm and divided the collection into two groups according to the presence or absence of the marker. Subsequently, doubled haploid lines (DHL) produced from a sample with Ogura cytoplasm were used as fertility restorer lines, and DHL from hybrids with a non-Ogura cytoplasm were used to develop female male sterile lines based on Ogura-CMC. The doubled haploid lines were evaluated in the field for the main economically valuable traits, and 30 fertility restorer lines and four male-sterile lines were hybridized to assess their combining ability. As a result, four DH lines J30, J26, J24 and Ki1ms were selected for future breeding of heterosis hybrids basedon Ogura-CMC and five promising spring rapeseed hybrids were identified according to the complex of traits and properties.