Abstract

Abstract De.sul.fo.ver.mi'cu.lus. L. prefix de ; from L. n. sulfur , sulfur; L. masc. n. vermiculus , a little worm; N.L. masc. n. Desulfovermiculus , vermiform sulfate‐reducing bacterium. Desulfobacterota / Desulfovibrionia / Desulfovibrionales / Desulfohalobiaceae / Desulfovermiculus Rod‐ or oval‐shaped curved cells, 0.5–1.5 × 1.0–3.0 µm. Occur singly or in pairs. At stationary growth phase, cells elongate to 15–20 µm. Spore formation is not observed. Gram‐stain‐negative. Motility might occur depending on the species. Strict anaerobe with a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotroph and chemolithoautotroph (only Desulfovermiculus halophilus ), using short‐chain fatty acids, alcohols, and simple organic compounds as electron donors and carbon sources; these compounds are completely oxidized to CO 2 via the anaerobic C 1 pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). Sulfate and thiosulfate are terminal electron acceptors and reduced to H 2 S. Fermentation of substrates has not been observed. The optimal pH range for growth is around 6.8–7.2. Mesophilic. The optimal temperature for growth is 37°C. The major menaquinone is MK‐7 (determined only for D. halophilus ). The major cellular fatty acids were only determined for Desulfovermiculus utahensis and are iso‐C 15 :0 , iso‐C 17 :0 , and iso‐C 17 :1 ω9 c . The genus currently accommodates two species. Anoxic media containing a reductant (usually sulfide) are required. Moderately halophilic. NaCl is required for growth; the optimum is between 80 and 100 g/l. MgCl 2 is necessary for the growth of D. utahensis . Vitamins or yeast extract are not required. Isolated from highly mineralized stratal water of an oil field and an anoxic hypersaline sediment. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 51.4–56.8 ( T m , genome, LC). Type species : Desulfovermiculus halophilus Belyakova, Rozanova, Borzenkov, Tourova, Pusheva, Lysenko and Kolganov 2007, 1371 VP (Effective publication: Belyakova, Rozanova, Borzenkov, Tourova, Pusheva, Lysenko and Kolganov 2006, 169).

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