ВИРУСНЕЙТРАЛИЗУЮЩИЕ МОНОКЛОНАЛЬНЫЕ АНТИТЕЛА ПРИ COVID-19: МЕХАНИЗМ ДЕЙСТВИЯ И РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ

Abstract

The COVID-19 vaccination has become a way of effective prevention of the decease for most people globally. However, there is a cohort of patients who are not able to form a full-fledged immune response due to primary or secondary immunodeficiency conditions caused by genetic disorders, severe course of chronic diseases, due to their age or the use of drugs that suppress the immune response. The use of monoclonal viral antibodies for immunocompromised patients is the most efficient method of pre- and post-contact and even long-term prevention, as well as the treatment of coronavirus infection. Monoclonal antibodies are obtained from B-lymphocytes of patients recovered from COVID-19. As a result of further modification aimed at increasing of the efficiency and reducing the risk of unwanted phenomena in the use, the virus-neutralizing recombinant monoclonal antibodies of the IgG1 class were designed to implement preventive and therapeutic schemes for COVID-19. Treatment of a new coronavirus infection with drugs with direct etiotropic action is most effective when prescribing in the early stages of the disease, which is especially relevant in patients at risk for a severe/critical clinical course of the disease and can be performed as outpatient clinical procedures. The article analyzes the results of clinical studies of efficacy and safety of mono- and combined drugs of monoclonal antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with the new coronavirus infection, as well as potential possibilities for their use for the treatment of COVID-19 caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 strains with multiple mutations on the example of the Omicron strain.