Εφαρμογή του φαινομένου της ηλεκτροχημικής ενίσχυσης στην αναγωγή των οξειδίων του αζώτου από C3H6 παρουσία O2 σε καταλυτικά ηλεκτρόδια Rh και στην οξείδωση του αιθυλενίου και του τολουολίου σε καταλυτικά ηλεκτρόδια RuO2

Abstract

The selective catalytic reduction of NO by propylene in the presence of oxygen is a system of great potential technological significance due to the urgent need to develop efficient catalytic systems for the treatment of exhaust gases of lean burn or Diesel engines. The existing commercial catalysts succeed, in a satisfactory degree, the NO reduction in exhaust gases operated in the stoichiomentric air/fuel ratio. A technological target for such systems is to be able to operate at temperatures as low as 200oC (in order to reduce emissions during cold engine start-up) and in high excess of oxygen. It has been well documented during recent decade that the catalytic activity and selectivity of porous metal films interfaced with solid electrolytes can be affected in a very pronounced and controlled manner upon polarization of the catalyst-electrode. This phenomenon is known in the literature as Electrochemical Promotion (E.P.) or Non-Faradaic Electrochemical Modification of Catalytic Activity (NEMCA effect) and it has been studied for more than 70 different catalytic systems. In the first part of this thesis, the electrochemical promotion of the NO reduction by propylene in presence of oxygen was investigated on porous polycrystalline Rh catalyst-electrodes deposited on YSZ (Y2O3 – stabilized ZrO2) an O2- conductor. The experiments were carried out in galvanic cells of the type: NO,C3H6,O2 : products/Rh//YSZ//Au/products : NO,C3H6,O2 The experimental conditions were close to those in the exhaust of a lean burn or diesel engine, i.e., high gas-hourly-space-velocity (GHSV), considerable open circuit catalytic performance and in some cases considerable excess of oxygen. It was found that both the oxygen and hydrocarbon partial pressures affect the catalytic rates and the extend of the phenomenon of electrochemical promotion. Rate enhancement ratios of 200 and faradaic efficiencies of 7000 were observed for the case of CO2 production while those for N2 production were 55 and 550, respectively. The reaction exhibits inverted volcano type behaviour, that means a rate enhancement observation under both anodic and cathodic polarization. In the second part, the oxidation of two volatile organic compounds (VOCs), Ethylene and Toluene, was investigated on polycrystalline RuO2 films deposited on the same electrolyte of YSZ. The rates of ethylene and tolouene oxidation were enhanced by a factor of 20 and 8 respectively under anodic polarization. Cathodic polarization enhances the catalytic rates by a factor of 3 and 4 respectively. No partial pressure products were observed. The kinetics, positive order in both reactants, and the promotional results, inverted-volcano type for both reactions, conform to the recently found rules of electrochemical promotion