ВМІСТ ФЛАВОНОЇДІВ І КCАНТОНІВ У КАЛЮСНИХ КУЛЬТУРАХ РОСЛИН ВИДІВ РОДУ GENTIANA L. ЗА ВИРОЩУВАННЯ У РІДКОМУ ЖИВИЛЬНОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ НА ПОРОЛОНОВИХ ПІДКЛАДКАХ

Abstract

The content of flavonoids and xanthones in callus cultures derived from the roots of plants of six species of Gentiana L. genus was studied during the cultivation of these cultures in liquid growth media on foam substrates. The research findings indicate that for most callus cultures, which were grown on both agar and foam substrates, the content of biologically active substances (BAS) was higher or close to that in the roots of wild plants, but lower compared to their shoots. 
 
 The content of flavonoids and xanthones in tissue cultures grown in liquid nutrient media exceeded (G. punctata, Mt. Breskul, G. asclepiadea, Mt. Pozhyzhevska, G. cruciata, Krenychi village and G. lutea, Mt. valley Rohnechska), was close (G acaulis, Mt. Turkul) or lower (G. cruciata, «Medobory» Nature Reserve, G. lutea, Mt. Troyaska) compared to those in the corresponding calluses on agar substrates. In the callus of G. pneumonanthe (Vyhoda village) during cultivation on agar medium and in liquid medium on foam substrates, flavonoids and xanthones were not detected. 
 For most callus cultures of gentians: G. punctata (Mt. Breskul), G. asclepiadea (Mt. Pozhyzhevska), G. cruciata (Krenychi village), G. lutea (Mt. valley Rohnechska), cultivation in a liquid growth medium on foam substrates can increase the growth of callus biomass (1.3–1.7 times) and the content of flavonoids (1.2–1.6 times) and xanthones (1.2–2.3 times) in comparison with the same cultures on agar media. For the callus of G. cruciata («Medobory» Nature Reserve) and G. lutea (population of Mt. Troyaska) on liquid media with foam substrates, both the growth index by fresh weight and the content of secondary metabolites are lower compared to cultures from agar medium. The growth of callus G. acaulis (Mt. Turkul) on the nutrient medium with foam substrates is more intense than on agar, but with lowered BAS. 
 Thus, the developed method of cultivating callus tissues of gentians in liquid nutrient media on foam substrates can reduce costs by replacing agar with foam substrates, as well as increase both the yield of biomass of most callus cultures and their ability to synthesize and accumulate flavonoids and xanthones.
 Key words: Gentiana L. species, in vitro cultures, foam substrates, flavonoids, xanthones.