Направления и результаты селекционной работы по луку шалоту (Allium ascalonicum L.) в условиях Московской области

Abstract

Onion crops and their beneficial properties have been known for centuries. The biological characteristics of onion crops allow using their fresh green mass and bulbs almost all year round. Onion crops overwinter well, grow in early spring and are used at a time when no other crop yet pro-duces from open ground. One of the most common onion species today is the shallot (Allium ascalonicumL.). Varie-ties are needed for the successful introduction of the shal-lot into the production process or for cultivation in the gar-den. At present, 65 shallot varieties have been entered into the State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use. Taking into account that the crop is diverse in its mor-phological structure, response to growing conditions and the ability to realize its biological potential, the plant breed-ers do a lot of work on selecting promising material and development of varieties for specific cultivation regions. The goal of this research was to study the shallot collection nursery regarding the main economically valuable traits under the conditions of the Moscow Region, to identify promising forms and develop new varieties on their basis. The study was conducted from 2017 through 2019 in the Moscow Region at the Federal Scientific Center of Vegeta-ble Crop Productionon the experimental plot of the Labora-tory of Onion Crop Breeding and Seed Production. The research targets were 80 shallot candidate varieties of var-ious ecological and geographical origins. In our study, the response of the candidate varieties to growing conditions varied significantly. The shallot is cultivated to obtain green onion and bulbs. Of all the varieties under the study, 10 varieties significantly out-yielded the standard variety Yashma (16.6 t ha) in terms of bulbs. The maximum yield of bulbs was obtained from the Zolotaya Zvezda variety -21.3 t ha; this variety exceeded the value of the standard by 46.4%. The findings obtained by studying the shallot collection material regarding the main economically valua-ble traits made it possible to identify the promising forms that may be used in further breeding work as genetic sources for developing new varieties.