πâσα άνθρωπίνη κτίσιϛ에 대한 재고 - 베드로전서 2:13에 대한 새로운 해석 -

Abstract

One must rightly understand the context of life including a word in the source language to translate it rightly in the receptor language. In light of this conviction, I disclose in the study the meaning of πâσα άνθρωπίνη κτίσιϛ in 1 Peter 2:13. Remarkably, versions in Korean, English, and other languages translate πâσα into “every” and άνθρωπίνη into “human.” Nearly all versions also render κτίσιϛ into “institution” or “authority” in a consistent manner. Some lexicographers try to render κτίσιϛ into another meaning, but most Greek dictionaries and a number of scholars go with the general flow. However, I have asked a fundamental question as to whether it is rendered as the two meanings in the Septuagint and the New Testament: it occurs 15 times in the former and 19 times in the latter. As a matter of fact, it has never been rendered as “institution” or “authority” in history since ktis, ij was used by Pindar as an act to found and fulfill something.<BR> I especially put emphasis on grasping the meaning of κτίσιϛ in the context of passages to which it belongs, along with the historical circumstances. First, I detect the passage to which the phrase in 2:13 belongs, and see if it is included in the household codes. These codes deal with the relationship between human beings, not between human beings and institution; the phrase in 2:13-17 shows the attitude to rules Christians should take under the sovereignty of God. Second, I examine how ποτáσσω in 2:13 is used in 1 Peter, and disclose that it takes a person as an indirect object; πâσα άνθρωπίνη κτίσιϛ in 2:13 points to the person that is “emperor” or “governors” in 2:13-14. Third, I determine that the adjective anv qrwpi,nh before kti,sij occurs to make clear the meaning of kti,sij which has an inclusive meaning in the Septuagint and the New Testament. Last but not least, I notice in 1 Peter that the destination was the Asia Minor where the imperial cult was prevalent. Peter and the recipient of the letter might have known the circumstances of worshiping the emperor. In light of the situation, I manifest that the “Lord”(κτίσιϛ) is only Jesus Christ, and ποτáσσω means “appreciating” the position of the emperor in the sense of respecting him. By investigating in this manner, I come to conclude that πâσα άνθρωπίνη κτίσιϛ in 1 Peter 2:13 is “every human creature.”