Особливості формування та динаміки професійної захворюваності від впливу пилових, фізичних та хімічних факторів в Україні у 2011–2021 роках

Abstract

Aim. On the basis of literature data, statistical data provided by the State Labour Service of Ukraine, the Fund of Social Insurance against accidents at work and occupational diseases to analyse the situation in relation to occupational morbidity in Ukraine for the period 2011–2021, identifying trends in its dynamics, peculiarities of development depending on regional distribution, economic sectors, influence of workplace related etiological factors. Materials and Methods. Analytical review of scientific publications was performed using reference databases of Pub Med, Medline scientific libraries and text databases of Pub Med, Central, BMJ group scientific publishing houses and other VIP databases. The statistical data of the State Labour Service of Ukraine, the Fund of Social Insurance against accidents at work and occupational diseases were analysed. The methods of system, comparative and content analysis were applied. Results and Conclusions. As a result of the analysis of the situation in relation to occupational morbidity in Ukraine for the period 2011–2021 trends of its dynamics, peculiarities of development in terms of regional distribution, branches of economy, influence of workplace related etiological factors and compared with international data are determined. A decrease in the number of victims of occupational diseases over 10 years was established from 8112 to 2904 (more than 3.5 times). The occupational morbidity rate per 100,000 working population in Ukraine (4.5) is almost 7 times lower than the European average (30.1). It was determined that in the structure of occupational morbidity, the first place belongs to diseases caused by occupational dust exposure, the second – to diseases of the musculoskeletal system, the third to vibration disease, and the fourth to sensorineural deafness. The highest risk of occupational pathology development is noted in the mining industry, which is associated with the influence of a complex of unfavourable workplace factors during underground mining of minerals. A particularly catastrophic situation regarding the detection of occupational diseases is observed in agriculture; poisoning with chemical substances during the last decade has almost not been registered. Statistical data on the state of occupational morbidity in Ukraine contradict the world experience of this pathology detection, which is due to the lack of proper monitoring of the state of health of workers, as well as of managerial leverages for creating and maintaining proper working conditions. Keywords: work conditions, workplace factor, occupational diseases.