ЛІНГВІСТИЧНИЙ ПОВОРОТ ТА ЙОГО РОЛЬ ДЛЯ ФІЛОСОФІЇ ТА ЛІНГВІСТИКИ У КІНІЦІ 20 ПОЧАТКУ 21 СТОЛІТТЯ

Abstract

Annotation. The article is devoted to one of the debatable problems of modern philosophy – the problem of appearing the “linguistic turn” and its influence on political, economic and social sciences. It is proved that the “linguistic turn” itself is comparable in the significance of its claims and the results obtained, perhaps only with the Cartesian turn of the New Age in its philosophical application or the Copernican turn in science, that is why there is no need explicate its significance for the scientific world of the end of the 20 th century – the beginning of the 21 st century. It is substantiated in the study that the “linguistic turn” is the bifurcation centre of an established system of existing paradigmatic directions. Such an intellectual explosion results in an uncontrolled chain reaction with a train of divergent consequences, which takes place in our analysis: philosophy, linguistics, philology, history, political, economic and social sciences have been assimilating and developing the latest achievements obtained as a result of the linguistic revolution – the “linguistic turn”. The interest in language raised in the second half of the 19 th century when the transfer from classical science to non-classical one occurred. The period can be characterized by differentiation of knowledge, by the expansion of communicative, ethnic, intercultural, and consequently, language relations. Language becomes an independent subject of research not only of philosophers but also of linguists, logicians, psychologists. Language turns for philosophy and linguistics into a conceptual focus, into one of the most urgent research tasks, at least focusing on it should give philosophical-linguistic problems coherence, organization, and clarity. Moreover, the track for such theming is already ready – this is the famous “linguistic turn”, about which much has already been said. The pathos of the linguistic turn is very clearly formulated by the British analyst Michael Dammit – the philosophy of language is the philosophy for the most part .In the problematic breakthrough, the “turn to language”, made by philosophy in the 20 th century, one can feel in general the spirit of non-classical philosophizing. Thought and speaking are actually human, opposing nature, inherent in the human community. The problems relating to language have been dealt with since the times of Antiquity, and until the 20 th century, the classical analysis of language was spread, which was carried out in “static”, “absolute” concepts that “covered” the entire accessible horizon of phenomena. Non-classical philosophizing focused on moving, historical phenomena, on possibility and chance. Along with this, language began to be considered not as an entity, but as existence, activity, and language phenomena – in their specific temporal representation. Thanks to M. Heidegger, language ceased to appear as an object and began to be considered in its connection with the very existence of man. M. Heidegger spoke of language as a “house of being”, namely of being , and not nothing, which, on the contrary, was associated with lack of language.Thus, the issue of appearing the linguistic turn in philosophy, its necessity for philosophy, linguistics, and other sciences is still relevant and urgent . The purpose of the article. The purpose of the article is to analyse the role of the linguistic turn for philosophy, linguistics and other sciences at the end of the 20 th century – the beginning of the 21 st century. The purpose stated determines the objectives of the paper: 1) to identify the determining factors of the linguistic turn; 2) to analyse the literary original sources of the famous philosophers and linguists devoted to the problem of language here and now, to the situational conditionality of language. Scientific novelty. In the study it is made an attempt to prove that if practically all sciences are amenable to some thematization, this can be done only on the basis of understanding language as a semantic field formed by a multitude of centrifugal forces that comprise in their totality what is commonly called the “linguistic turn” as a conceptual transformation of philosophical paradigmatics. The “linguistic turn” itself is comparable in the significance of its claims and the results obtained, perhaps only with the Cartesian turn of the New Age in its philosophical application or the Copernican turn in science, that is why there is no need explicate its significance for the scientific world of the end of the 20 th century – the beginning of the 21 st century. It is substantiated in the study that the “linguistic turn” is the bifurcation centre of an established system of existing paradigmatic directions. Such an intellectual explosion results in an uncontrolled chain reaction with a train of divergent consequences, which takes place in our analysis: philosophy, linguistics, philology, history, political, economic and social sciences have been assimilating and developing the latest achievements obtained as a result of the linguistic revolution – the “linguistic turn”.